Higher Administration

1. Higher Administration Administrative Services Outcome 3

2. Recruitment and Selection Procedures

3. Recruitment vs Selection • Recruitment - Getting the right person to apply for the job. • Selection – Choosing the right person for the right job.

4. The Recruitment Process • Job Evaluation/Job Analysis • Identification of duties/skills • Do we need to replace this post? • What if a replacement isn’t necessary? • Can it be outsourced? • Can duties be reallocated? eg Management Review • Does the role still exist at all?

5. The Recruitment Process • Job Description • Duties, Responsibilities, Hours of Work (and Days), Remuneration, Location, Line Manager etc • Person Specification • Skills and Qualities which can be essential or desirable

6. Workforce Planning Being aware of who is employed and requirements for the future… • Age and Gender • Skills • Staff Turnover • Ethnic minorities and Disabilities • Succession Plan

7. An Opportunity… • When a vacancy exists for a job, it is not automatically filled either by an internal or external applicant. • Organisations will take the opportunity to evaluate the duties and roles of that job before they decide to fill the post.

8. Headhunting Sometimes an organisation will know who they want for a specific job and they will approach that person directly and ask them to apply for the job.

9. Internal Recruitment Advantages Disadvantages No new talent introduced Favouritism? Difficult to find the right person? • Less Expensive • Employees' skills and knowledge already known • Increased flexibility with ‘homegrown talent’ • Improves morale (promotion opportunities)

10. External Recruitment Advantages Disadvantages More expensive Recruitment takes longer Upset existing employees Extra training may need provided. • Higher chance of the right person being appointed • Fresh skills and ideas • Increased diversity

11. Using a Recruitment Agency Advantages: • They have access to a wide range of candidates eg some already on record • Specialist knowledge and experience – eg psychometric testing • HR Departments can focus on other activities such as training and staff development • Can downsize the HR Department Disadvantages: • More expensive – may need to pay even if a suitable candidate isn’t found • Lack of internal knowledge – inappropriate appointments • Process may be impersonal and therefore applicants won’t have a feel for the organisation before starting work

12. The Selection Process • Application Forms • Allows each candidate to be easily compared against others • Often online forms • Curriculum Vitae • Summary of qualifications and experience • Often accompanied by a covering letter

13. Equal Opportunities • It is unlawful to treat one person less favourably than another, wholly or mainly on the grounds of: • Sex • Martial status • Race • Nationality • Colour • Ethnicity • Disability • Age • Religion Equality Act 2010

14. Discrimination • Direct Discrimination: “young motivated woman” required • Indirect Discrimination: “staff must be at least 5’9” in order to reach equipment” • Discrimination by association is unlawful (ie just because you are connected to someone with one of the protected characteristics) • Bullying or harassment because of one of the protected characteristics is unlawful

15. The Short-List and Interviews • Most organisations will limit the number of candidates to be interviewed to between 4-8 people. • Interviews: • One-to-one • Number of sequential interviews • Presentations

16. Preparing for Interviews • Book a room and arrange the seating • Read all documentation • Agree on questions to be asked • Control the interview (Time-keeping) • Put the candidate at ease

18. Interviews Benefits Drawbacks Hasty impressions Interviewees nervous and not perform to their full potential • Meet and discuss face-to-face • Candidate views premises

19. Interviews: The Interview Checklist • A checklist can be used as evidence to justify decisions and treat all candidates fairly. • Testing can also assist in the selection choice

20. Interviews: The Effective Interview An effective interview is one where the interviewer: • Quickly establishes a rapport with the candidate • Listens to what is said • Asks ‘open’ questions eg “Example of a time when you showed leadership qualities?” • Summarises and evaluates the candidate’s response

21. Testing Skills Tests – ascertain if the candidate has the skills and ability to do the job. Intelligence Tests – general knowledge, numeracy and literacy. Aptitude Tests – measure an individual's level of verbal, numerical and diagrammatical reasoning eg the ability to prioritise. Attainment Tests – spelling or typing (WPM) Personality/Psychometric Tests – explore the candidates personality and thinking processes. Only qualified staff should analyse, to avoid misleading results. Medical Tests – check that the candidate is fit for the type of work. The problem with testing is that it can make people feel nervous and as a result not perform as well.

22. Making a Decision • References: • Contacted to verify what they have said • Allows candidates to be compared • Previous employer’s opinion • Other Employment Checks: • eg PVG (protection of Vulnerable Groups) • Informing unsuccessful candidates

23. Internet Research Nottingham University Recruitment and Selection Complete the Equal Opportunities Quiz

24. Staff Development

25. Staff Appraisal • Employees who know what and how much is expected of them are likely to be more effective than those who are unclear about their role. • A meeting held between the employee and the line manager where a performance evaluation will be carried out.

26. Staff Appraisal • A plan of development will be made • Reviewed in 3-6 months, where targets are checked and further comments and opinions recorded • Can be linked to Performance Related Pay (PRP) – although not popular!

27. Staff Appraisal - Ingredients • Objective – not a forum for raising problems and moans • Participative– both the manager and employee take an active role • Considered– taking account of the strategic aims of the organisation • Developmental– help to develop the employee personally and professionally

28. Staff Appraisal • Discuss and set targets; complete forms • Agree performance criteria • Complete Personal Development Plan • Measure actual performance against criteria • Salary review and/or bonus • Further training

29. Methods of Appraisal • Management by Objectives: Emphasises setting of agreed targets, in line with organisational goals • Competency-based: Emphasises the importance of assessing how the work is carried out eg customer service • 360-degree: Uses a variety of people to build an overall profile eg superiors, peers and subordinates

30. Successful Staff Appraisals • Identify and match business and personal objectives • Discover employees suitable for promotion • Identify training needs • Control and monitor performance • Assist individuals with self-development • Improve employee motivation • Review salaries or payment methods • Check effectiveness of current work practices • Update job descriptions

31. Areas for Development • Job performance • Communication skills • IT skills • Customer service skills • Future training and development • Personal goals egtimekeeping • Career objectives

32. Measuring Success… Deadlines Complaints Against… Contribution to Profit… Emails and Phone Calls Monthly Sales Complaints Dealt With…

33. Benefits of Staff Appraisals • Managers know what to expect from employees • Managers develop skills dealing with employees • Employees can discuss personal and professional development • Feedback on performance (Strengths/Weaknesses)

34. Internet Research Charted Institute of Personnel and Development For further information and fact sheets that you can download.

35. Professional Development

36. Continuing Professional Development Staff development looks at what the employee needs to do to enhancetheir current skills, whereas an appraisal measurestheir existing ones.

37. Continuing Professional Development Skills and training should be linked to organisational goals. Discussion surrounding evidence of targets being met… What is needed varies: • Education? • Development? • Training?

38. Continuing Professional Development Education: background academic knowledge to undertake the job (eg a degree) Training: gaining knowledge and skills to do the current job Development: identifying future potential and undertaking education or training to achieve it

39. Benefits of CPD (Lifelong Learning) • Staff become more proficient at their job • Customers are more satisfied • Staff develop ‘transferable skills’ • Less stress on individual • More adaptable to change Education does not stop once employed… but the amount of time allocated depends on the organisation egGoogle’s 20% time

40. Training Induction Training: the initial introduction to the organisation Ongoing training: lists of courses/events published which may be run in-house (internal) or off-site (external)

41. Induction Training What might be included? • Software used by the business • Meeting fellow workers and a tour of the premises • Awareness of Health and Safety procedures • Informing employees of Company policies

42. Training Needs Analysis Organisations work out which courses they need to offer by conducting a skills scan of their staff and the results of appraisals and development reviews. If an organisation is working towards, or has already achieved, Investors in People (IIP) status, they will have a specific policy.

43. Internet Research Investigate what is meant by the Quality Mark ‘Investors in People’. What benefits does this provide the organisation with? What are the key principles?

44. Types of Training Blended Learning: A mix of lecture, tutorial, practical activities and online material. Many employees are now encouraged to learn in their own time in places that suit them eg at Scottish Power staff have access to online materials which they can work through at their own pace.

45. On-The-Job Training Training provided within the organisation while continuing to carry out work: • Demonstrations • Job rotation • Coaching from a mentor • Working on a specific project (secondment)

46. Off-The-Job Training Training provided outwith the usual working environment. It may still take place within the organisation, but is often at college or other training centre: • Lectures • Online Distance Learning (Open learning) • Case Studies • Individual Projects • In-tray exercises

47. In-House Training Advantages Disadvantages Trainingcancelled if another emergency occurred Training not always taken seriously – employees know trainers Course may be too specific • Tailored to suit organisation’s requirements • Cheaper than external training • No travel required • Arranged to fit in with other organisation commitments

48. External Training Advantages Disadvantages Expensive – time and money Employees may leave if they gain qualifications Course may not be relevant to organisation Employees may not pass the course assessment • Networking with other colleagues • Improved concentration (away from working environment) • Ability to cascade knowledge • May lead to a formally recognised qualification eg HNC

49. Staff Welfare

50. Staff-Friendly Policies Work-life Balance: Employees spending time with families and time for recreation activities. Well-being Initiatives: Head-massage, pilates, yoga, healthy eating options being introduced, gym membership, support to stop smoking etc Time to talk: A counselling service where staff can speak in confidence Absence management: How often and how long staff are absent monitored – ‘back to work’ interviews and in-house doctor check progress and health