Regents Review – The Bill of Rights

1. Regents Review – The Bill of Rights HW: Review Book – Pages 102-104 Castle Learning for Friday

2. 1st Amendment • Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition. • Not unrestricted – Schenck v. U.S. cannot create “A clear and present danger” • Religion – Engel v. Vitale – Regents prayer • Press – Hazelwood v. Kulhmeir – student newspaper • Speech – Bethel School District v. Frazier – student speech

3. 2nd Amendment • The right to possess firearms • Added because originally only had state militia

4. 3rd Amendment • No quarter of soldiers • Added because of the Quartering Act during the American Revolution

5. 4th Amendment • Protects against unreasonable searches and seizure. • N.J. v. TLO – students can be searched – need “reasonable suspicion” not “probable cause.” • Vernonia v. Acton – mandatory drug testing of student athletes is allowed.

6. 5th Amendment • Life, liberty, and property • Due process • Issues involved in this amendment: abortion (Roe v. Wade), death penalty (In re Gault) euthanisia

7. 6th Amendment • Trial by jury in a criminal case.

8. 7th Amendment • Trial by jury in a civil case.

9. 8th Amendment • Prohibits excessive bail, fines and punishment. • Issue: death penalty

10. 9th Amendment • Rights not mentioned in the Constitution belong to the people.

11. 10th Amendment • Powers not given to the national government and the people are given to the state.

12. 13, 14, 15 • Civil War or Reconstruction amendments • 13 – ends slavery • 14 – citizenship • 15 – black male suffrage

13. 18 & 21 • 18 – Prohibition • Added because of domestic violence • 21 – repealed prohibition • Added because of organized crime, speakeasies, bootlegging

14. 19th Amendment • Women’s suffrage • Added because women went to work during WWI

15. 22nd Amendment • President limited to two terms • Added because FDR served 4 terms

16. 25th Amendment • Presidential succession and disability • Added because of the assassination of JFK

17. 26th Amendment • Lowered voting age to 18 • Added because of Vietnam

18. Base your answer to question 16 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. — 14th amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution 16. This amendment was adopted in 1868 primarily to (1) protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons (2) make it easier for immigrants to become citizens (3) extend suffrage to settlers on the Great Plains (4) require the federal government to pay the costs of Reconstruction

19. 14. After the Civil War, the purpose of adding the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution was to (1) grant civil and political rights to Native American Indians (2) allow women to become full citizens (3) guarantee African Americans equal treatment under the law (4) extend constitutional rights to new territories

20. “Convention Meets at Seneca Falls” “19th Amendment Ratified” “Betty Friedan Organizes National Organization for Women” Which statement about women in the United States is best illustrated by these headlines? (1) The role of women in society has remained unchanged since colonial times. (2) The struggle for women’s rights has spanned many decades. (3) The earnings of women today are equal to those of men. (4) The movement for women’s rights has lacked leadership.