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Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5.0 g NaOH in 7500 mL soln at 27 o C.

Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5.0 g NaOH in 7500 mL soln at 27 o C. Drill: Calculate the heat change when 25.0 g of H 2 O goes from 66.3 o C to 26.3 o C. C water = 4.18 J/gK. Chemical Kinetics or Reaction Rates. Reaction Rate.

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Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5.0 g NaOH in 7500 mL soln at 27 o C.

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  1. Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5.0 g NaOH in 7500 mL soln at 27oC.

  2. Drill: Calculate the heat change when 25.0 g of H2O goes from 66.3oC to 26.3oC.Cwater = 4.18 J/gK

  3. Chemical Kinetics or Reaction Rates

  4. Reaction Rate • The speed at which reactants become products in a chemical reaction • M/s = mole/Ls

  5. Kinetic Theory • All matter is made up of tiny particles • The particles are in constant motion • All collisions are elastic ?

  6. Elastic Collisions • Collisions in which there is no energy change

  7. Particles Reacting • For particles to react, they must collide • Reaction rate is dependent on collision rate

  8. Particles Reacting • When a reaction takes place, an energy change occurs • Collisions (in which reactions occur) are not elastic

  9. Reaction Rate • Rate = - d[Reactant]/dt • Rate = +d[Product]/dt • M/s

  10. Factors Affecting Rxn Rate • Concentration, Temperature, Agitation, Process, Orientation, Catalyst, SA of Solid, Pressure of Gas, Reaction Mechanism

  11. Drill: List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates

  12. Rate Expression • An equation showing how rate depends on the number of reactants in a rate determining reaction

  13. Rate Expression • Rxn: aA(aq) + bB(aq) • P • Expr: Rate = k[A]a[B]b • [A] = molarity of A

  14. Rate Expression • Rxn: aA(g) + bB(g) • Product • Exp: Rate = kPAaPBb

  15. Write Rate Expressions for: H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g) HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) BaCl2(aq) + H2O (l)

  16. Write Rate Expressions for: H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g) Rate = k(PH2)3(PN2)

  17. Write Rate Expressions for: 2HCl(aq) + 1Ba(OH)2(aq) 1BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O (l) Rate = k[HCl]2[Ba(OH)2]

  18. Write Rate Expressions for: 1 Cl2(g) + 1 HOOH (aq) 2 HOCl(aq)

  19. Write Rate Expressions for: 1 Cl2(g) + 1 HOOH (aq) 2 HOCl(aq) Rate = k(PCl2) or Rate = k[HOOH]

  20. Write the Rate Law for:2A(aq) + B(aq) + 3C(s)Products

  21. Write the Rate Law for:2A(aq)+ B(aq)+ 3C(s)PRate = k[A]2[B]

  22. Reaction Order • The total number of reactants (coefficients) • Equals total exponents in rate expression

  23. Drill: Write the rate expression & determine rxn order for: SO2(g) + O2 (g) SO3(g)

  24. Drill: Write the rate expression & determine rxn order for: 2 SO2(g) + 1 O2 (g) 2 SO3(g) Rate = k(PSO2)2(PO2)

  25. Determining Rxn Order • Find rate expression ratios • (Ratio of concentrations)x = rate ratio • x = exponent

  26. Write the rate expression for: aA + bB Products All aqueous

  27. The next slide includes data from an experiment where various concentrations of A & B were added together, and the rates of product formation was measured.

  28. Experimental Results Exp [A] [B] Rate 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 3 1.0 2.0 8

  29. Experimental Results Exp [A] [B] Rate 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 3 1.0 2.0 8

  30. Write the rate expression for: aA + bB + cC Products All aqueous

  31. Experimental Results Exp # [A] [B] [C] Rate 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 0.3 0.1 0.1 81 3 0.1 0.3 0.1 27 4 0.1 0.1 0.3 3

  32. Experimental Results Exp # [A] [B] [C] Rate 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 0.3 0.1 0.1 81 3 0.1 0.3 0.1 27 4 0.1 0.1 0.3 3

  33. Solve All: Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] [T] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 0.10 2 2) 0.25 0.60 0.10 18 3) 0.50 0.20 0.10 4 4) 0.25 0.20 0.40 32

  34. Solve All: Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] [T] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 0.10 2 2) 0.25 0.60 0.10 18 3) 0.50 0.20 0.10 4 4) 0.25 0.20 0.40 32

  35. Drill: Solve AllExp Data: Exp # [R] [S] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 2 2) 0.25 0.60 18 3) 0.50 0.20 4

  36. Solve All: Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 2 2) 0.25 0.60 18 3) 0.50 0.20 4

  37. Solving exponents with a calculator. Ax = B

  38. Ax = B Log Ax = log B xLog A = log B Thus:

  39. Log B Log A x =

  40. Clausius-Claperon Eq (T2)(T1) k2 (T2 – T1) k1 Ea= R ln

  41. Calculate the activation energy of a reaction whose rate constant is 2.0 x 103 at 27oC and is 2.0 x 106 at 77oC:

  42. Drill: List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates

  43. Half-Life • The time required for one half of the reactants to change into products in a reaction

  44. Useful Relationships Rxn Order Rate Exp 0 Rate = k 1 Rate = k[A] 2 Rate = k[A]2

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