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Mandatos formales – formal commands

Mandatos formales – formal commands. Commands are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

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Mandatos formales – formal commands

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  1. Mandatosformales – formal commands Commands are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: • Tú: informal, singular • Vosotros: informal, plural • Ud.: formal, singular • Uds.: formal, plural • However, we will concentrate on the formalcommands only.

  2. Let’s look at a few examples! • Hable despacio, por favor. • ¡Repita, por favor.! • No hagan el ejercicio A. • ¡No corran en la clase!

  3. Hable despacio, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO • Drop the –o: HABL- • “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command:HABL

  4. Repita, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO • Drop the –o: REPIT- • “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command:REPIT

  5. Opposite vowels • Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”: • AR verbs add an –E. • ER & IR verbs add an –A.

  6. Let’s try a couple! • Comer: ¡______ Ud.! • ¡Coma Ud.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Escriba Ud.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Tome Ud.! • Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! • ¡Entregue la tarea! • Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

  7. Uds… • Entreguen Uds. la tarea. • Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

  8. Let’s try a couple more! • Comer: ¡______ Uds.! • ¡Coman Uds.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Escriban Uds.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Tomen Uds.! • Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! • ¡Comiencen el examen! • Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

  9. ¡No! • How do we make negative commands in Spanish? • ¡No fume! • ¡No tome café! • ¡No coma tanto! • Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.

  10. ¡Levántese! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! • In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. • Levante + se • Levanten + se

  11. ¡No se levante! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡No se levante! ¡No se siente! • In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. • No se levante. • No se levanten. • No se siente. • No se sienten.

  12. Some irregularsSea, esté, dé, sepa, vaya • These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: • Ser > sea, sean • Estar > esté, estén • Dar > dé, den • Saber > sepa, sepan • Ir > vaya, vayan • The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

  13. Nosotros commands • This form allows you to suggest that others do some activity with you and it is equivalent to “let’s (do something)” in English. • It is formed by substituting the –o of the present tense yo form of a verb with an –emosfor MOST –ar verbs, or –amosfor MOST –er and –ir verbs.

  14. Some notes… • Stem changing –ar and –er verbs DO NOT REQUIRE a stem change in the nosotros/nosotras command. • Stem changing –irverbs REQUIRE a stem change. Example: pedir – pidamosdormir – durmamos Reflexive Verbs – Drop the “s” before adding the “nos” in affirmative commands. Example: sentarse – sentémonos, No nossentemos IRREGULAR…The affirmative nosotros/nosotras command for the verb iris Vamos (let’s go).

  15. Nosotros commands

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