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CHAPTER 8 Mitosis SP 2013

Learn about the cellular growth process and the stages of mitosis in this educational guide. Discover how cells reproduce and regulate their cell cycle.

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CHAPTER 8 Mitosis SP 2013

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  1. CHAPTER 8 MitosisSP 2013

  2. Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction Section 1: Cellular Growth Section2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation

  3. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

  4. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth • As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. • The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.

  5. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth Transport of Substances • Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins. • Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient. • Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems.

  6. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth Cellular Communications • The need for signaling ______to move throughout the cell also limits cell _____. • Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions.

  7. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth The Cell Cycle • ___ ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large. • It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries. • Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the ___ _______.

  8. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth • __________ is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates. • _________ is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. • ___________is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.

  9. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth The Stages of Interphase • The first stage of ____________, G1 • The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.

  10. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth The Second Stage of Interphase, S • The cell copies its _____in preparation for cell division.

  11. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Cellular Growth The Third Stage of Interphase, G2 • The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

  12. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

  13. Why do animals shed their skin?

  14. The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

  15. Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________________ Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

  16. Animated Mitosis Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase & Cytokinesis

  17. Interphaseoccurs before mitosis begins • Chromosomes are ___________(# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (____________) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase CELL MEMBRANE Nucleus Cytoplasm

  18. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  19. Prophase 1st step in Mitosis • Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • ___________(or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles. Centrioles Sister chromatids Spindle fibers

  20. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  21. Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis • ____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers. Centrioles Spindle fibers

  22. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  23. Anaphase 3rdstep in Mitosis • ______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles Spindle fibers

  24. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  25. Telophase4th step in Mitosis • Two new ________ form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods). • Mitosis ends. Nuclei Nuclei Chromatin

  26. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  27. Cytokinesisoccurs after mitosis • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical ________________.

  28. Animal Mitosis -- Review

  29. Plant Mitosis -- Review

  30. Cell Cycle

  31. - Cell Division The Cell Cycle 32

  32. MitosisAnimation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

  33. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Normal Cell Cycle • Different __________ combinations _______ other activities, including DNA ___________, protein _____________, and nuclear ___________ throughout the ______ ______________.

  34. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation _____________ __________ Checkpoints • The cell _________________ has built-in ___________ that _____________ the cycle and can __________ it if something goes __________. • ______________ checkpoints also have been identified in ____________.

  35. Cellular Reproduction • Cancer cells can ___ an __________ by ________ out _____ cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue _________. Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation ______________ Cell Cycle: ___________ • __________ is the __________ growth and _______ of cells.

  36. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation ___________ of Cancer • The __________ that occur in the ___________ of cell ________ and _________ of cancer cells are due to ___________. • Various _____________ factors can ________ the occurrence of ________ cells.

  37. Causes of Cancer • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________

  38. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis • _______________ cell __________ • __________ going through apoptosis actually _________ and _________ in a ____________ process.

  39. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Stem Cells • ____________ cells that can _______ into __________ cells when _____ the right ____________

  40. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Embryonic Stem Cells • After ___________, the resulting ______ of cells _________ repeatedly until there are about _____-____ cells. These cells have ________ become _____________.

  41. Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Adult Stem Cells • Found in _________ tissues in the body and __________ be used to _________ and ___________ the ________ kind of tissue • _________ controversial because the adult stem cells can be ____________ with the ___________ of their donor Cellular Reproduction

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