USII.5: Late 19 th Century to World War I

1. USII.5: Late 19th Century to World War I Lisa Pennington Social Studies Instructional Specialist Portsmouth Public Schools

2. Vocabulary • Yellow journalism: publishing of exaggerated and/or made up news stories to attract readers and influence their ideas. • Imperialism: practice of establishing and controlling colonies. • Dollar Diplomacy: U.S. policy in the early 1900’s of investing money in Latin American countries in the hopes that more stable governments would develop.

3. Vocabulary • Gunboat Diplomacy: policy of making a show of force to prevent both Latin American instability and European interference in the Western Hemisphere.

4. The Spanish American War • The United States emerged as a world power as a result of victory over Spain in the Spanish American War.

5. The Spanish American War • Economic interests and public opinion often influence U.S. involvement in international affairs.

6. Reasons for the Spanish American War • Protection of American business interests in Cuba. • What kinds of businesses was the U.S. trying to protect? • (coffee and sugar)

7. Reasons for the Spanish American War • American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain. • Why do you think Americans supported the Cuban rebels? http://cordova.lib.il.us/Vet-spanishAmerican.jpg

8. Reasons for the Spanish American War • "WARSHIP MAINE WAS BLOWN UP . . . HAVANA . . . FEB. 15 . .." 16 February 1898, State Journal • Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor.

9. Reasons for the Spanish American War • Exaggerated news reports of events (yellow journalism) http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2001_p4/baker_rb_kk_cl_p4/exflag.jpg

10. Results of the Spanish American War • The United States emerged as a world power. • How did the United States emerge as a world power? Who did they defeat?

11. Results of the Spanish American War • Cuba gained independence from Spain. http://www.cubaflags.com/images/cuban-flag-old.jpg

12. Results of the Spanish American War • The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Philippines_physical_map.jpg

13. Results of the Spanish American War http://images.nationmaster.com/images/motw/americas/puerto_rico.jpg http://kiteboardingguam.andrewsupdates.com/images/guam_map_kitespots.jpg

14. Results of the Spanish American War http://www.tcnj.edu/~miller47/world%20map.jpg Cuba Guam Philippines Puerto Rico

15. Vocabulary • Roosevelt Corollary: policy that extended the Monroe Doctrine and said the U.S. had the right to force countries in the Western Hemisphere to pay their debts in order to prevent European interference. • Rough Riders: a group of cowhands, college students, and African American soldiers who fought with Teddy Roosevelt in the Spanish American War, who charged San Juan Hill.

16. Vocabulary • Big Stick Diplomacy: Teddy Roosevelt’s belief that if you show that you are strong, no one will pick on you. “Big Stick” equaled a big navy. • Monroe Doctrine: President Monroe’s U.S. policy that no future European colonization could take place in North or South America.

17. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Asserted the United States right to interfere in economic matters of nations in the Americas. • Claimed the United States right to exercise international police power. http://www.lahsapgov.com/images/tr_big_stick.gif

18. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Advocated Big Stick Diplomacy (building the Panama Canal) • How is the Roosevelt Corollary an example of the United States’ new position as a world power? https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/uploads/Imperialism.EffectsOfTheRooseveltCorollary/PanamaMap.gif

19. Vocabulary • Nationalism: feelings of loyalty and pride people have for their country. • Alliance: group of countries that share allegiance to each other through treaties. • Imperialism: nations built colonies in varied areas of the world which created resentment in other nations. • Lusitania: British passenger ship sunk by German u-boats in 1915. Americans were among the 1,200 who died.

20. Vocabulary • Balance of power: groups of countries that have equal power. • U-boats: German submarines. • Zimmerman note: document that showed that Germany was trying to make an alliance with Mexico in 1917. • Sussex Pledge: promise by Germany during WWI not to sink passenger or merchant ships.

21. Vocabulary • Treaty of Versailles: 1919; ended WWI. • League of Nations: peace keeping plan developed by Woodrow Wilson in 1920. It was point 14 of the 1918 Fourteen Points speech to Congress. It consisted of a General Assembly of representatives of countries who were required to protect one another’s territories against attack.

22. Vocabulary • Isolationism: the U.S. should not become involved in foreign affairs, nor should the U.S. allow other countries to become involved in our affairs. • Self-determination: people should decide for themselves what nation they belong to. • Reparations: money paid by defeated nations as payment for wrongs, damages, or injuries suffered by other nations during a war.

23. U.S. Involvement in World War I • The United States involvement in World War I ended a long tradition of avoiding involvement in European conflicts and set the stage for the United States to emerge as a global superpower later in the 20th century. • There were disagreements about the extent to which the United States should isolate/separate itself from world affairs.

24. Reasons for U.S. involvement in war • Inability to remain neutral. (1917) • German submarine warfare: the sinking of the Lusitania. (1915) • U.S. political and economic ties to Great Britain. http://www.shapesoftime.net/FileSystem/upfile/j00013/lusitania2.jpg http://www.uidaho.edu/student_orgs/arthurian_legend/england/sites/images/ENGLAND.gif

25. Reasons for U.S. Involvement in war • The Zimmerman Telegram • This document showed that Germany was trying to make an alliance with Mexico in 1917. • Why was the telegram a threat to the U.S.? How is that threat depicted in the cartoon? http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/ZMMRMN.JPG

26. Major Allied Powers • Great Britain http://www.hertfordshire.com/pages/maps/images/great-britain-map.gif

27. Major Allied Powers • France http://www.francegetaways.com/images/maps/france_main.jpg

28. Major Allied Powers • Russia http://atlas.mapzones.com/russia/russia.jpg

29. Major Allied Powers • Serbia http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/serbia.jpg

30. Major Allied Powers • Belgium http://www.state.gov/cms_images/map_belgium.jpg

31. Central Powers • Germany http://www.acu.edu/academics/cas/fl/german/german/a1914eu.gif

32. Central Powers • Austria-Hungary http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=64951&rendTypeId=4

33. Central Powers • Bulgaria http://www.mapsofworld.com/bulgaria/maps/bulgaria-map.jpg

34. Central Powers • Ottoman Empire http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/ottoman_empire_1914.htm

35. Allied Powers vs. Central Powers http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure19-Page22-sm.jpg

36. U.S. Leadership as the War Ended • At the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan known as the Fourteen Points that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peace-keeping organization. http://www.archives.gov/calendar/images/woodrow-wilson.jpg

37. U.S. Leadership as the War Ended • The United States decided not to join the League of Nations. • Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations? Who did join? Is it really a peacekeeping organization if not all nations have joined? http://library.thinkquest.org/C008616/site/pics/League%20of%20Nations%20opening%20session.jpg The opening session of the League of Nations.