TOPIC 6 : Body systems in humans

1. The Digestive System • Food enters the body through the mouth • Food is broken down in the mouth, stomach and intestines • Unused food is expelled as waste • Digestive System Cartoon Assignment Respiratory System • We inhale and bring in oxygen • We exhale and get rid of waste carbon dioxide • The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange • Respiratory System Drawing Assignment Circulatory System • The circulatory system transports food and oxygen through the body • Made of the heart, blood and blood vessels • Circulates blood around the body to deliver food particles, dissolved gas and other materials to cells • Also takes away waste material from the cells • Circulatory System Drawing Assignment TOPIC 6 : Body systems in humans

2. Nervous System • Coordinates and controls the actions of the organs and organ systems • Detects, processes and responds to stimuli in the environment Excretory System • Removes wastes from the system

3. Digestive System Mouth – Food broken down by chewing and chemical action of saliva. Salivary Glands - Saliva contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules. Esophagus - The esophagus is a long tube that uses rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach. Stomach - Food in the stomach is partly digested and mixed with stomach acids Liver - Makes bile which breaks down fats and some blood proteins. Helps the small intestine in digestion. Gall Bladder - It stores and releases bile into the small intestine. Pancreas - Enzymes from the pancreas help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small intestine. Small Intestine – bile, pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food. Most food is absorbed here. Large Intestine - The large intestine is responsible for absorption of water and excretion of solid waste material. Rectum – Feces are stored here. Anus – Where feces exits the body.

4. Nervous System Brain - It helps to control all of the body systems and organs, keeping them working like they should. The brain also allows us to think, feel, remember and imagine. Spinal Cord - The brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. Information passed through the spine tells the body what to do and when to do it. Nerve Cells - Neurons carry messages in the form of a electrical impulses. The messages move from one neuron to another to keep the body functioning.

5. Excretory System Kidney – Cleans the blood of waste products. Waste is passed out your body in urine. Ureter – Takes urine from the kidney to the bladder. Bladder – Stores urine until it is passed out the body in urine. Urethra – Urine passes from the bladder to the urethra on the way out of the body.

6. Respiratory System Larynx – Place where moving air being breathed in and out creates sounds Trachea – This is the windpipe, or the passage leading from the mouth and throat to the lungs Lungs – The lungs perform respiration or gas exchange Bronchi or Bronchus – The two main tubes of the lungs Bronchioles – The smaller divisions of the bronchi Alveolus – The very small air sacs where breathed in air goes Diaphragm – Strong wall of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

7. Circulatory System Heart – The body’s blood is circulated throughout the body by the heart Veins – Veins carry blood to the heart. Veins carry dark red blood that doesn’t have much oxygen Arteries – Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries carry bright red blood that is high in oxygen Blood – Carries food and oxygen to cells as well as carrying wastes away from cells. Blood also carries disease fighting white blood cells through the body. It also helps maintain constant body temperature.