The Quotative in Archi Michael Daniel, Moscow State University misha.daniel@gmail

1. The Quotative in Archi Michael Daniel, Moscow State University misha.daniel@gmail.com Marina Chumakina, Surrey Morphology Group m.tchoumakina@surrey.ac.uk

2. boli – complementizer strategy • boli as reported speech marker may only be introduced by a verb of speech; • unlike converb/evidential boli, may not have its own arguments (Especially clear in the cases where the lexical verb of speech is bos (RS + boli bo/boli). Same is (less convincingly) true of the extended uses of boli in purposive clauses- even though circumstancial, not introduced by a matrix verb)

3. Summary of strategies

4. -er strategy – complementizer? Possesses predicative properties: • introduces its own arguments (speaker and addressee); may result in having several ergatives in what seems to be one clause • may have its own auxiliary

5. -er strategy – subordinating verb of speech? A contra: it is cliticized to the reported speech clause • underwent phonetic change (wa-r -> -er) • triggers word internal sandhi (-u+e- -> -o-)

6. -er strategy Possesses predicative properties: • introduces its own arguments (speaker and addressee • may have its own auxiliary but: • is a closely bound clitic

7. -er strategy syntactic group morphosyntactic word [ … V ]RS=QUOT-CVBAUX phonological word

8. Options available:subordination (I) ‘say’ speaker (agentive) addressee (addressive) reported clause (assumed P)

9. Options available:subordination (II) ‘say’ speaker (agentive or patientive) addressee (patientive or addressive) reported clause (non-argumental)

10. Options available:parataxis reported speech clause ‘say’ speaker (agentive or patientive) addressee (patientive or addressive)

11. Options available:quotative particle reported clause [… … … …] QUOT

12. Options available: verb of speech domi-nates reported speech reported speech domi-nates verb of speech subordination I subordination II parataxis quotative particle

13. reported speech morphophonological domination morphosyntactic domination predicate of speech with its arguments triggering logophorics in the RS clause cliticization to the RS clause

14. Overlap of two essentially different components – description of the reported speech act and the content of the reported speech. The two components are not juxtaposed – they are intertwined: What is it like? reported speech reported speech act linear order

15. Overlap of two essentially different components – description of the reported speech act and the content of the reported speech. The two components are not juxtaposed – they are intertwined: What is it like? reported speech reported speech act linear order

16. Conclusion: Pfv converb of the speech verb (boli) Speech complementizer Its extensions (purposive) Contracted ipfv form of the speech verb (-er) Predicative clitic Quotative particle (floating, repetition, loss of argument licensing)

17. PS: what we think about when we talk about reported speech. Semidirect-ness!

18. Thank you (they said)