Organizing and Outlining

1. Organizing and Outlining Chapters 8 and 10

2. Organization is KEY! A well-organized speech is easier to understand. A well-organized speech is easier for the audience to remember. A well-organized speech is more likely to be believed.

3. Organization is KEY! �Audiences tend to be tolerant,� and will overlook many faults in a speaker, but one thing that �can cause them to become downright hostile is poor organization.� Thomas Leech, business consultant

4. The Body of the Speech

5. Main Points Limit the number of main points How much information can the audience comfortably pay attention to, understand, and remember? Do not be reluctant to cut and trim your material. A common mistake in this class is to try and cover an entire topic; be selective!

6. Organizing Main Points Since organization is key to effective speaking, your main points need to follow a logical organizational pattern. Chronological Spatial Causal Problem-Solution Topical

7. How are these organized? I. Early people did not have money, but used a system of exchange based on the barter of goods and services. II. Coin money was invented in ancient Turkey, China, and India before the birth of Christ. III. Paper money began in China about 600 A.D. but did not become popular in the West until the 1600s. IV. Today almost every country has an official currency tied to the international rate of exchange.

8. How are these organized? I. Genetic engineering is producing new plan hybrids that will vastly increase world agriculture production. II. Genetic engineering is producing breakthroughs in medicine that will allow people to live healthier lives. III. Genetic engineering is producing bacteria that will help clean up industrial pollutants.

9. How are these organized? I. There are several causes for the destruction of the rain forests in South America. II. If the destruction of the rain forests continues, the effects will have global impact.

10. How are these organized? I. The top layer of the earth is a rocky �skin� called the crust. II. Beneath the crust is a thick layer of rock called the mantle. III. The next lower section is a mass of melted rock called the outer core. IV. At the center of the earth is a solid mass called the inner core.

11. Transition Sentences

12. Transition Sentences A sentence that links ideas and shows the relationship between them. The glue that holds your speech�s organizational structure together. Three types of transitions: Internal preview Internal summary Signposts

13. Internal Preview Tells the audience what you are about to talk about. Example: First I will tell you how MLK Jr.�s passion impacted his audience.

14. Internal Summary Restates (summarizes) the main point(s) you just talked about. Example: Now you know a little more about King�s passion about civil rights.

15. Signposts Tells where the speaker currently is in the speech. Words such as First, Second, Next, To begin, and In conclusion are signposts. Example: Lastly I will explain how King�s message inspired a nation.

16. Simplifying the process Gather information early Identify the information you want to include in your speech Choose an organizational method for your main points Create the body first Transfer your information to a formal outline