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COMPARATIVE JUDAISM

COMPARATIVE JUDAISM. Reform Judaism Conservative Judaism Neo-Orthodox Judaism. Reform Judaism. Reform Judaism A - History. Started between 1810 and 1820 Started by Israel Jacobson Popularized by Abraham Geiger who expanded Jacobson’s ideas Israel Jacobson.

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COMPARATIVE JUDAISM

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  1. COMPARATIVE JUDAISM Reform Judaism Conservative Judaism Neo-Orthodox Judaism

  2. Reform Judaism

  3. Reform JudaismA - History • Started between 1810 and 1820 • Started by Israel Jacobson • Popularized by Abraham Geiger who expanded Jacobson’s ideas Israel Jacobson

  4. Reform JudaismA - History – Why did it start • Many Jews were converting • 10% in Germany, 50% in Berlin • Only option was to be Orthodox or convert • Reform was a new option • Lets Jews participate in a secular culture and still be Jewish Abraham Geiger

  5. Reform JudaismB - Torah • God and Humanity interacting with each other • Ongoing process – doesn’t end • Individual must decide which commandments to follow, which are still meaningful

  6. Reform JudaismC - God • Concept of God up to the individual • God ranges from a “puppet master” to a “force”

  7. Reform JudaismD - Services • A lot of music (first time instrumental music since destruction of 2nd Temple.) • A lot of English • Shorter services than Conservative or Orthodox • Men and women participate

  8. Reform JudaismD – Services continued • Men and women sit together • Rabbi or Cantor – male female gay or heterosexual • Boys and girls can read Torah, have bar/bat mitzvah • Men and boys don’t always wear kippot or tallitot

  9. Reform JudaismE - Shabat • Not Shomer Shabbas • Celebrate Shabat Kabbalat Shabat “Revised version” Use electricity

  10. Reform JudaismF – Women’s role • Egalitarian – women are viewed exactly the same as men are

  11. Reform JudaismG – Intermarriage • The Rabbi’s may perform intermarriage • It’s going to happen – we can’t stop it • Need to make sure these couples feel welcome and can still be Jewish • Patrilinear and Matrilinear descent • Either parent can be Jewish and the children are Jewish.

  12. Conservative Judaism

  13. Conservative JudaismA - History • Founded by Zecharias Frankel Middle of 19th Century • Thought Jews needed a middle road between Orthodox and Reform Zecharias Frankel

  14. Conservative JudaismB - TorahB - Torah • God wrote the Torah • It was changed as it was copied and recopied by people • Only the community as a whole, (the rabbis) can make changes • Determine which laws people follow

  15. Conservative Judaism C - God • It is up to the individual but God is definitely and active presence

  16. Conservative Judaism D - Services • No instruments • Men and women sit together • Some English, mostly Hebrew • Male of female Rabbi • Girls and boys can read Torah • Both have Bar/bat Mitzvah

  17. Conservative JudaismE - Shabat • Shomer Shabas • Can drive for religious reasons

  18. Conservative JudaismF – Women’s Role • Women and men are equal • Can do all the same things

  19. Conservative JudaismG - Intermarriage • Rabbis will not perform an intermarriage • Matrilinear descent only

  20. Orthodox Judaism

  21. Orthodox JudaismA - History • Founded in the mid 1800’s • Samson Raphael Hirsh • Knew Judaism had to change • But only within strict guidelines set by Torah

  22. Orthodox JudaismB - Torah • Everything in the Torah is inspired by God • Nothing can be changed

  23. Orthodox JudaismC - God • God is a force who can influence or act upon humanity

  24. Orthodox JudaismD - Services • Men and women sit separately • No English • Services include every • prayer • Only boys can read Torah Only boys Bar mitzvah • With congregation • Girls Bat mitzvah with women only minyan • Rabbi must be a man • Does not face congregation

  25. Orthodox JudaismE - Shabat • Shomer Shabbos

  26. Orthodox JudaismF - Women’s Role • Focus on the home and family Cook shabat dinner Keep kashruth

  27. Orthodox JudaismG - Intermarriage • Will not perform intermarriage • Matrilinear descent only

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