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Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845. Essential Question:. Champion of the “Common Man”?. “King” Andrew?. OR. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860. Why Increased Democratization?. White male suffrage increased

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Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

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  1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

  2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

  3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

  4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

  5. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

  6. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

  7. Jackson's First Presidential Run

  8. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

  9. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

  10. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC]

  11. 1828 Election Results

  12. The Reign of “King Mob”

  13. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

  14. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • State Politicians – spoils system • Immigrants in the cities.

  15. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

  16. Andrew Jackson as President

  17. The Nullification Issue

  18. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

  19. The Tariff Issue

  20. 1832 Tariff Conflict • South hated tariff • South Carolina says they can’t afford tariff • Jackson increases tariff • V.P. John C. Calhoun from SC • Calhoun quits as VP to become SC Senator

  21. Nullification • Calhoun leads the fight to nullify the tariff. • Jackson doesn’t think the states can do this • S.C. threatens to secede if the tariff isn’t decreased • Jackson threatens to invade and hang every traitor in S.C. • S.C. doesn’t want to test Jackson • Henry Clay helps negotiate a reduced tariff.

  22. Jackson's Native-American Policy

  23. The Cherokee Nation • Prevalent in Georgia • Had Constitution • Had Congressional Districts • Had Supreme Court • Not disturbing U.S. • Had Schools • Highly Sophisticated Gov’t. modeled after U.S. • Took a lot of land. • People wanted land to grow Cotton

  24. Indian Removal • Georgia tells Cherokees to get out • Cherokees sue; Supreme Ct. sides with them but Jackson disregards the decision. • Sign that U.S. Interests come before Indian Interests • Cannot have separate Indian Nations within the U.S. • Indian Removal – 1830 – 1839

  25. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

  26. Indian Removal

  27. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

  28. Trail of Tears • Trail of Tears (“Nuna dual tsuny” – Cherokee Phrase – “This is the trail where tears are shed”) • 25 % Die; About 4000 • 46,000 Forced to leave to go 1000 Miles • Attacked along the way; things stolen • No Doctors • Native Americans leaving their area. • About NJ to Western Ohio

  29. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans

  30. Renewing the Charter of the 1st National Bank

  31. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle

  32. The National Bank Debate NicholasBiddle PresidentJackson • Banks should provide loans to the common man who really need them. • If the National Bank is not working for the people it should be destroyed. • National Bank needs to be careful who it gives loans to. • The bank should work work to control the economy.

  33. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.

  34. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • “pet banks” • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836  the charter expired. • 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

  35. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

  36. An 1832 Whig Party Cartoon: “KingAndrew”?

  37. 1832 Election Results Main Issue?

  38. The Specie Circular (1836) • “wildcat banks.” • buy future federalland only with gold orsilver. • Jackson’s goal?

  39. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

  40. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]

  41. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

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