1 / 16

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Obsession and Compulsions. Obsession: Unwanted repetitive intrusive thoughts, images or urges Compulsion: Repeated thoughts or actions designed to provide relief. Relationship between Compulsion and Obsession.

ezekiel
Download Presentation

Anxiety Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Anxiety Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

  2. Obsession and Compulsions Obsession: Unwanted repetitive intrusive thoughts, images or urges Compulsion: Repeated thoughts or actions designed to provide relief

  3. Relationship between Compulsion and Obsession • The most common obsession- germs and dirt is related to the most common compulsion handwashing • Obsessions create considerable anxiety • Compulsions are an attempt to cope with the anxiety. • Repeating rituals (second most common compulsion) is often a way-in their mind-to avoid harm (eg. “step on the crack” game) • Children recognize that compulsions are unreasonable and will attempt to hide the behavior with nonfamily members

  4. Harming Impulse to jump out of a high window Idea of jumping in front of a car Inpulse to push someone in front of train Wishing a person would die Thought that if I forget to say goodbye to someone, they might die Thought that thinking about horrible things happening to a child might cause it Contamination or Disease Thought of catching a disease from public pools or other public places Thoughts I may have caught a disease from touching toilet seat Idea that dirt is always on my hand Normal Intrusive Thoughts

  5. Inappropriate or Unacceptable Beh. Idea of swearing or yelling at my boss Thought of doing something embarrassing in public, like forgetting to wear a top Hoping someone doesn’t succeed Thought of blurting out something in church Thought of “unnatural” sexual acts Doubts about Safety, Memory Etc. Thought that I haven’t locked the house up properly Idea of leaving my curling iron on the carpet and forgetting to pull out the plug Thought that I’ve left the heater and stove on Idea that I’ve left the car unlocked when I know I’ve loced it Idea that objects are not arranged perfectly Normal Intrusive Thoughts (cont).

  6. Common Obsessions(Judith Rapoport) • Dirt and germs (40%) • Something terrible happening ((24%) • Symmetry, order, exactness (17%) • Religious obsessions (13%) • Concern or disgust with bodily waste (8%) • Lucky or unlucky numbers (8%)

  7. Common Compulsions (Raporport) • Excessive or ritualized handwashing, showering, bathing, toothbrushing or grooming (85%) • Repeating rituals (going in or out of a door, up or down from a chair (51%) • Checking doors locks, appliances, paper route, homework 46%) • Rituals to remove contact with contaminants (23%) • Touching (20%) • Measures to prevent harm to self or others (16%) • Ordering or arranging (17%) • Counting (18%) • Hoarding or collecting rituals (11%)

  8. OCD: Diagnostic Criteria A. Either obsession or compulsions B. Recognition that obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable (does not apply to children)\ C. The obsession or compulsions cause marked distress, and are time consuming (take over one hour a day) or significantly interfere with the person’s normal functioning D. If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsession or compulsion is not restricted to it (preoccupation in food in eating disorder, concern with drugs in Substance Abuse disorder) E. The disturbance is not due to the direct effects of drugs, medication or a physical condition Specifier: With poor insight ; if, most of the time, the person does not recognize the obsessions and compulsions are unreasonable

  9. OCD: Prevalence • 2.6% (may be a bit of an overestimate) • 10 to 15% of normal college students engage in clinically significant checking behavior • More common in females (reversed in childhood) • Age of onset is in teens to young adulthood • Chronic course

  10. Etiology OCD: Biological Explanations • Neurotransmitter (low serotonin) • Brain structures/areas

  11. Cognitive Early life experiences with dangerous or unacceptable thoughts OCD patients equate thoughts with actions (thought action fusion) Behavioral-Cognitive Random association of compulsion with a reduction in anxiety (superstitious behavior gone amuck) Any personal examples? How did they begin? Etiology OCD: Cognitive & Behavioral-Cognitive Explanations

  12. OCD: Treatment • Medication SSRI’s (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) • Average treatment gain with medication is moderate and relapse occurs when medication is discontinued • Exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) • Psychosurgery

More Related