1 / 20

Transcription and Translation

Transcription and Translation. GENE EXPRESSION - How the genes are expressed is a function of the protein produced. DNA (gene). Ribosome. tRNA & rRNA. Protein. m RNA. Trait (expression). There are two processes that make this happen…. Transcription. Translation.

eydie
Download Presentation

Transcription and Translation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Transcription and Translation

  2. GENE EXPRESSION - How the genes are expressed is a function of the protein produced. DNA (gene) Ribosome tRNA & rRNA Protein m RNA Trait (expression)

  3. There are two processes that make this happen… Transcription Translation mRNA strand is usedat the ribosome to help join amino acids to form a protein. • mRNA strand is builtfrom the code on the DNA strand (gene)

  4. TRANSCRIPTION Let’s watch a video of transcription…

  5. Requirements for Transcription • PREDICT: What do you think the RNA polymerase will do?

  6. Steps in transcription These stages are catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase

  7. Each triplet codeon a DNA molecule is transcribed into a triplet codonon the mRNA molecule. • If the DNA codes for a polypeptide is T-A-C—C-C-G—T-A-G—C-T-T—A-C-T • What would the codons on the complimentary strand of mRNA codons look like? A-U-G – G-G-C – A-U-C – G-A-A – U-G-A • DNA codes: T-A-C—C-A-T—C-C-C—A-A-A—A-C-T • mRNA codons: A-U-G – G-U-A – G-G-G – U-U-U – U-G-A

  8. Think…think…..think…. • What does each letter in the code or codon stand for represent? That’s right….a nucleotide • What do the particular codes and codons represent? Amino Acids….good job! • Because each base triplet on the mRNA stands for an amino acid, each mRNA molecule must contain how many times the number of nucleotides as the number of amino acids making up the protein product. 3X….Wow! You guys are on a roll!

  9. Engage your BRAIN….The intersection of science and math • An mRNA strand with 66 nucleotides codes for a polypeptide how many amino acids in length? 22…you all are Math whizzes • A protein 300 amino acid units in length was synthesized from an mRNA strand how many nucleotides in length? 900…Woo Hoo! • A DNA strand 700 nucleotides in length will be transcribed into an mRNA strand how many nucleotides in length. 700…Ah! This one is tricky!

  10. How do we read mRNA codons? • There are 4 different bases in DNA (A, C, G, T) which can combine in different triplets to form 64 possible triplet codes (43). • When these codes are transcribed into mRNA, there are 64 triplet codons which can be formed. • Only 20 amino acids are used so sometimes more than one codon represents an amino acid. • We can use the chart to the right to determine the exact sequence of amino acids that will make up a protein.

  11. How many different mRNA codons are there on the chart? 43 = 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 different codons (using A, G, C and U in triplets) • How many different amino acids are there? Only 20 • Which amino acids only have ONE triplet code assigned to them? Methionine and Trytophan • With the exception of Methionine and Tryptophan, more than one nucleotide triplet codes for each amino acid. • Give an example of an amino acid which has more than one codon. valine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, and many more • What do you notice about the codons that code for the same amino acid? They are very similar and usually only the last nitrogen base is different.

  12. Special Codons

  13. What is the DNA code for the mRNA start codon, methionine? TAC • What are the DNA codes for the stop codons UAA, UAG and UGA? ATT, ATC, ACT • After transcription has taken place, the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to link with a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Translation will take place here…..

  14. TRANSLATION Let’s Watch a video on Translation…

  15. Requirements for Translation

  16. Steps in Translation

  17. The Final Products of Protein Synthesis

  18. Let’s Watch a video to sum up Transcription and Translation…

More Related