Write a definition for African nationalism. What do you think would have caused it to develop?

1. Why did African nationalism grow? C aim – to explain what African nationalism was and why it grew B aim - to explain what African nationalism was, both sides for whether it would grow, and why it grew overall Write a definition for African nationalism. What do you think would have caused it to develop?

2. African Nationalism • Causes of nationalism • How far did African nationalism contribute to decolonisation in.... • Ghana? • Kenya? • Gambia?

3. The development of African nationalism • In your pairs sort your cards into elements that may inhibit nationalism, that may promote it, and anything in the middle • Write down …. Why did nationalism grow? • Now sort your pairs chronologically. • Write down... How would African nationalism grow over time? Explain your answer including information from the card sort. • Ext. Africa experienced many strains of nationalism – ethnic solidarity (tribal), territorial nationalism (nationalism within territories established by colonial rulers) and Pan-Africanism (which wanted to unite Africans as they argued that they had so much in common). Why did they experience so many strains and what impact might this have?

4. Benedict Anderson 1983. He believed nationalism is brought about when it is socially constructed and people all imagine themselves to be part of the same group. He said… ‘a nation is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion’. Write a definition for imagined communities. How could imagined communities contributed to the development of nationalism?

5. What might inhibit nationalism in Africa?

6. What causes are there from your card sort? • Can you add these examples in anywhere? • India became preoccupied with religious divisions • Nigeria became preoccupied with ethnic divisions (Yoruba and Igbo) • Gold Coast – the Ashanti group demanded a third general election to prove Nkrumah’s CPP’s national legitimacy, many ex-soldiers remained loyal to Britain • Kenya and southern Rhodesia experienced a white nationalism • Igbo women in Nigeria played a large role in nationalism and decolonisation, but had a minimal role in the following years of independence • Do you still believe that nationalism is important? Why? Inhibiting nationalism Promoting nationalism Growth of middle class – middle class knowledgeable about nationalism and criticising British rule Strikes led to formation of nationalist groups Britain promising political development – didn’t happen – encouraged African nationalism • African nationalism was partly reactive – British did start to give more power – one man one vote • Accepting foreign influence • British suppression • Ethnic and religious divisions – Britain making these worse to colonise more easily

7. How far do you agree that the changing attitudes of the British government towards independence was the main reason for the growth of African nationalism from the late 1950s?

8. C – What was nationalism and why did it grow? • B – What caused nationalism to grow and what inhibited it? Why do you think it grew overall?

9. Homework – due Tuesday • Research one of the following and produce a handout answering each of these questions to do with your country • Kenya, Ghana, Gambia • How did this country decolonise? (Write the steps) • Why did this country decolonise? (include the steps to support your reasons) • Did African Nationalist groups help this country to decolonise? (African Nationalist groups were political organisations which worked for African nationalism and for the countries to be independent). • Ghana handouts!

10. Was Kwame Nkrumah the ‘Father of African Nationalism?’C aim – to know for and against arguments and reach an overall judgement with reasonsB aim– to link examples of African nationalism to support for and against arguments to reach a justified conclusion Do you agree with the title of this book? If you had to adjust it, how would you adjust it?

11. Read the information about Ghana’s independence. • How far did nationalism cause the decolonisation of Ghana from this information? • Highlight where Nkrumah drove the decolonisation of Ghana. • Highlight where other factors caused the decolonisation of Ghana. • How far did Nkrumah cause the decolonisation of Ghana? • Does Nkrumah deserve the title of the father of nationalism?

12. GhanaFill in this flowchart. Highlight where nationalism played a role. Highlight other factors. How important was nationalism to decolonisation in Ghana compared to other factors?

13. Do you agree with the title of this book? If you had to adjust it, how would you adjust it?