Topics of Discussion

2. Topics of Discussion How temperatures are measured The relationship between latitude, insolation, and temperature The factors that cause temperature differences How isotherms are used to compare temperatures

7. How hot is this room? Human perception of temperature Anything that influences the rate of heat loss from the body also influences the sensation of temperature Important factors are Air temperature Relative humidity Wind speed Sunshine

8. Measuring Temperatures A thermometer is an objective tool to measure the temperature of a place Liquids such as alcohol or mercury expand when heated and contract when they cool

9. Temperature Records highest and lowest daily temperatures mean daily temperature mean monthly temperature mean annual temperature annual temperature range

11. Record Annual Temperatures

12. Insolation and Daily Temperature Earth’s rotation causes a daily cycle of insolation and temperature

13. Temperature Controls Latitude - angle of the sun Altitude Moderating influence of the Ocean Winds Barrier effect of Mountains Ocean currents - warm and cold Urbanization Clouds

14. Relationship of sun angle and solar radiation received on Earth

17. Insolation and Latitude

18. Altitude How do temperatures change as you climb mountains?

19. Vertical Temperature Patterns

20. Why does temperature decrease with altitude? Air is thinner at higher elevations There are fewer heat-absorbing gases to absorb and reradiate earth’s heat

21. How Many Degreesº F does the Temperature Drop per 1000 feet? Temperatures drop an average of 3.5º F per 1000 feet of altitude This is called the Environmental Lapse Rate What is the difference between Alameda (0 feet) and the top of Mount Diablo (nearly 4000 feet) if Alameda is 70 º F? 4 x 3.5º = 14 º F Mount Diablo = 56 º F

22. Do Temperatures Always Match the Latitude?

23. Land and Water Contrasts Why land heats faster than water Why water retains heat longer

24. How do you explain the difference between the West Coast and East Coast?

25. Do Temperatures Always Match the Latitude?

26. Maritime and Continental Climates- Role of Winds and Ocean Currents

27. Maritime versus Continental

28. Ocean Currents

30. The Gulf Stream Drift - A Warm Ocean Current The Gulf Stream Drift transfers tropical warmth to Europe

31. Why Does Temperature Differ in Cities?

32. Urban Heat Island

35. How can you compare temperatures? Color shading An isotherm is a line joining places with the same temperature

36. January, North America

37. July Temperature Patterns Thermal equator movement northward More pronounced over large continents

38. July, North America

39. Isotherms to Compare Temperatures Isotherm on maps showing large areas such as a continent usually leave out the altitude factor Isotherms are shown adjusted to sea level

40. World Temperatures The annual temperature range shows areas of moderate and extreme seasonal temperatures

41. Summary of World Temperature Temperatures generally decrease from the equator to the poles. The seasonal changes in temperature are greater over continents than oceans Large land masses in the subarctic have extremely low temperatures in winter Temperatures in equatorial regions change little Highlands are always colder than lowlands Areas with permanent ice are always cold Have students analyze the global patterns of temperature in July and JanuaryHave students analyze the global patterns of temperature in July and January

42. California July Temperatures Southern California is warmer than Northern Mountains are cooler than lowlands Coastal temperatures are cooler in summer due to the Cold California Current Mountain barriers limit the cooling influence of the ocean in summer Deserts are hotter due to hot, dry sinking winds

43. California Temperatures

44. California January Temperatures Southern California is warmer than Northern Mountains are cooler than lowlands Coastal areas are warmer than inland