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Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems

Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems. G. Banga, P. Druschel and J. Mogul Rice University Presented by: Bhuvan Urgaonkar. Motivation. Web servers should be able to Provide resource guarantees Counter DoS attacks Do accurate billing

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Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems

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  1. Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems G. Banga, P. Druschel and J. Mogul Rice University Presented by: Bhuvan Urgaonkar

  2. Motivation • Web servers should be able to • Provide resource guarantees • Counter DoS attacks • Do accurate billing • Shortcomings in OS abstractions • Process is unit of resource management • Apps have no control over resources kernel consumes for them => achieving above goals difficult

  3. Outline • Motivation • Shortcomings of OS Abstractions • Resource Containers • Performance Evaluation • Conclusions/Comments

  4. Resource Principals and Protection Domains • Resource Principals • Entities for which separate resource allocation and accounting done • Protection Domain • Entities that need to be isolated from each other • Popular Operating Systems • Process = resource principal • Process = protection domain

  5. A classical application • Process appropriate resource principal

  6. A network-intensive application • Resources consumed by kernel unaccounted => process inappropriate as resource principal

  7. A multi-process application • The resource principal should be the set of all processes

  8. Single-process MT application • Correct resource principal smaller than a process

  9. OS shortcomings: summary • OS unit of resource mgt. (process) often different from desired unit • Apps cannot control resource allocation to their activities • Inaccurate accounting and charging of resources • Incorrect scheduling decisions

  10. Resource container • Contains all system resources used for an independent activity • E.g. For a HTTP connection served by a web server • CPU time spent on the connection • sockets, PCBs, network buffers etc • Mechanisms for accurate accounting • Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP)

  11. Containers and CPU scheduling • Applications associate containers with independent activities • Dynamic binding between threads and containers • Thread’s consumption charged to right container

  12. Containers and CPU scheduling • Threads scheduled based on combined allocation and usage of all associated containers • Apps can associate scheduling info with activities • Threads within a container may be scheduled as the app pleases • Resource container hierarchy

  13. Other resources • Similar accounting mechanism possible for other resources • Support required to account for resources consumed by the kernel on behalf of applications

  14. Containers in a MT server • New container created for new connection • Serving thread bound to this container

  15. Containers in event-driven server • New container created for new connection • Thread’s binding changed as it serves different connections

  16. More examples • Different priorities to requests from different sources • Restrict resource consumption of certain requests • Defend against DoS attacks • Generating accurate bills

  17. Prototype implementation • Modifications to Digital UNIX 4.0D • CPU scheduler • TCP/IP subsystem: LRP • Server software: single-process, event-driven • Clients used the S-Client software

  18. Costs of new primitives • Throughput of server unchanged on modified kernel

  19. Prioritized handling of clients Number of concurrent low-priority clients

  20. Controlling resource usage of CGI processing Number of concurrent CGI requests

  21. Immunity against SYN-flooding SYN-Flood Rate (1000s of SYNs/sec)

  22. Conclusions • Resource container, an OS abstraction to explicitly identify a resource principal • Prototype implementation in Digital UNIX • Combined with accurate resource accounting (e.g., LRP) can help web servers provide differentiated QoS

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