Energy and Energy Transformations

1. Energy and Energy Transformations Mrs. Knicely

2. Potential Energy • Potential Energy- energy that a piece of matter has because of its position or because of the arrangement of parts

3. Kinetic Energy • Kinetic Energy- energy that is involved with motion • ANYTHING that involves with motion has kinetic energy

4. Electrical Energy • Electrical Energy- moving electric charges • Electrical energy is very important in our everyday life. There are electric charges everywhere you go!!

5. Chemical Energy • Chemical Energy- energy that has anything to do with chemicals • When you put certain chemicals together and they make an explosion, that is chemical energy

6. Sound Energy • Sound Energy- anything that has to do with sound has sound energy • For example, when you hit a tuning hammer on something it will make a sound. That has sound energy.

7. Elastic Energy • Elastic Energy- anything that stretches or has a spring • Thing like rubber bands, trampolines, and even your muscles have elastic energy!!

8. Solar Energy • Solar Energy- energy that comes from the sun

9. Magnetic Energy • Magnetic Energy- energy generated due to magnetic field

10. Potential Energy transforming to Kinetic Energy • When energy changes from kinetic to potential, that means the object was at rest but now it moving.

11. Videos!!!!!! Title: What is Kinetic and Potential Energy? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ehx1P4adv6I Title: Potential and Kinetic Energy (Hoodwinked Version) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZ4FFWvZtyo

12. Warm Up • Which skier has more potential energy, the skier at the top of the hill about to go down or the skier going down the hill? Explain to me why in 2-3 complete sentences.

13. Vocabulary Terms • Transform – To convert from one form into another. • Indicate – To show. • Indicators – Observations that can tell you about the presence of some state or condition. • Inference – A plausible conclusion or interpretation based on observations or evidence. • Infer – To interpret from observations.

14. Identify Criteria and Constraints

15. Creating a Project Board

16. Analyze your data • Pg 22 • Answer questions 1-3

17. Demonstration 2 • Predict • Answer questions 1-3 on Pg. 23

18. Analyze your data • Pg 23 • Answer questions 1-3

19. Vocabulary • Kinetic Energy – the energy an object has because of its motion • Light Energy – Visible energy that is given off by some objects in the form of radiation • Radiation – Energy that moves in the form of rays, waves, or particles • Radiate- to give off energy • Electrical Energy- the energy of moving electric charge • Chemical Energy – Energy stored in chemical bonds

20. Exit Ticket What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy? Describe in two sentences.

21. Warm Up 12/4 – 12/5 Kinetic energy is energy of motion. What indicators can you look for to decide if an object has more or less kinetic energy than another?

22. Quiz • Keep your eyes to yourselves, when you are done turn it over and wait quietly for everyone to finish

23. Warm Up 12.6 • What causes an object, such as a baseball or a cart on a hill to move? Answer in two complete sentences.

24. What affects how much energy an object has? • In your groups you will be given three objects; Newton’s Cradle, a windup toy and a bouncy ball. • You need to identify… • The types of energy that play a role in its operation • The indicators of each type of energy • The factors that affect how much energy it has

25. Potential Energy: energy that is stored to be transformed at a later time • Elastic potential energy: stored energy released when an object’s shape is changed • Example: a stretched rubber band or a coiled spring • Gravitational Potential Energy: stored energy of an object based on its position above ground

26. Reflect • Answer “Reflect” questions 1-3 & 5 on pgs 44-45

27. Warm-Up 12.6-12.9 • Based on your experiences playing with the various toys last class, what factors do you think contribute to the amount of kinetic energy in an object?

28. Explore 2.2 • Read on page 47. In a group answer questions 1-3 on pages 47 & 48. • Think about the situation above. What factors do you think would determine the size of the dent in the car? • Imagine being hit by a ball. How would it feel to be hit by a plastic ball thrown by a child? What about a baseball thrown by a child? What about a plastic ball thrown by a baseball player? What about a baseball thrown by a baseball player? What do you think would happen to the ball, in each case, after it hit you? What factors determine how much the ball would hurt? • You know that when a faster-moving ball hits something, the result is different than when a slower-moving ball hits something. Using what you know about what happens when a ball hits something, what factors do you think could measure to compare the kinetic energy in two different moving objects?

29. How does work increase or decrease kinetic energy? • In your groups you will have 5 minutes to complete the procedure of rolling different size marbles into cups. This means there is no time for playing around! • Once your time is up, it will be the next groups turn. Fill in your data on your worksheet and answer the questions. You will be turning in the worksheet at the end of class. • When you are done with your worksheet read “How does work affect Kinetic Energy?” on page 56.

30. Write in complete sentences or write the question • Answer the following questions in science notebooks: • 1. Choose one sport and list three ways increased kinetic energy helps one team score or win over the other team. • 2. Which do you think is more important in determining the amount of kinetic energy: speed or mass? Explain your answer.

31. Warm Up 12.10 – 12.11 • How are the two types of potential energy (elastic potential and gravitational potential) energy similar, how are they different. Answer in 2-3 complete sentences.

32. Vocabulary Terms: • Energy – The ability to do work. • Work – A way to increase (or decrease) an object’s energy by using a force to change the object’s motion or position. • Force – A push or pull that acts on an object.

33. What factors affect the amount of kinetic energy in an object? • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Mass and speed affect the amount of kinetic energy in an object. If two baseballs of the same size are thrown – one thrown slowly and one fast – the fast ball has the most kinetic energy. If a softball and a baseball are thrown at the same speed, the softball will have more kinetic energy because it has more mass.

34. 2.4 Vocabulary • Compressed: Squeezed or pressed together • Gravity: the force of attraction between any two masses • System: a collection of objects that interact • Mechanical energy: The sum of the kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and elastic potential in a system • Conservation of mechanical energy: if there is no friction or air resistance, the mechanical energy of a system changes only if the system does work on something else or energy is added from outside the system

35. Reflect questions 1-3 page 61 • Think back to the step of the energy transformation cartoon that you analyzed at the end of the last section. Was any potential energy stored or released during the step? • How are potential and kinetic energy related? • What is the connection between work and energy?

36. Warm Up 12.12 & 12.13 • What ideas do you have about how to increase the speed or mass of an object for your Rube Goldberg Machine Design?

37. Warm Up 12.16 -12.17 • How is elastic potential energy related to kinetic energy? Answer in 2-3 complete sentences!

38. Think about thermal and chemical energy • Answer the questions under get started on pages 86 & 87 • Thermal energy is experienced as heat. What happens in the toaster as a result of thermal energy? How do you know the toaster transforms thermal energy? What do you think might be an indicator of thermal energy? • How can you tell how much thermal energy is present? What factors do you think would control how much thermal energy an object has? • Chemical energy is energy that is related to chemical changes. What role do you think chemical energy plays in a toaster? • Do you think thermal energy is a type of potential energy or a type of kinetic energy? • Do you think chemical energy is a type of potential energy or a type of kinetic energy?

39. Procedure • You will receive a hand warmer. Pass the hand warmer around your group. Handle it carefully so it is not activated before everybody in your group gets to examine it. • Make a drawing of the hand warmer and record what you see and feel. • After everyone has examined it, activate the hand warmer by snapping it. Pay attention to the hand warmer from the time it is snapped. Record any changes you see, feel, or hear occurring inside the hand warmer. • Pass the hand warmer around again, and record other observations using your senses of sight and touch.

40. Analyze your results • what changes did you observe in the hand warmer after it was activated? • What do you think caused the change in temperature? Think about the events that occurred immediately after it was activated to help you justify your answer. • What types of energy can you identify in the hand warmer? What are the indicators of each type? Can you think of any factors that might affect the amount of energy? • Compare and contrast the operation of a hand warmer to the operation of a pop-up toaster. How are they alike? How are they different? • Can you think of other ways to generate these types of energy?

41. Chemical change: a change that produces one or more new substances

42. Conduction – The transfer of thermal energy by direct contact.

43. Convection – The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid, such as water or air.

44. Radiation – Energy that moves in the form of rays or waves.