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Introduction to: The Civil War and Reconstruction

Introduction to: The Civil War and Reconstruction. Causes of the Civil War:. Economic Differences - Northern economy was industrialized - Southern economy was based on agricultural (and dependent upon slave labor)

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Introduction to: The Civil War and Reconstruction

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  1. Introduction to: The Civil War and Reconstruction

  2. Causes of the Civil War: • Economic Differences - Northern economy was industrialized - Southern economy was based on agricultural (and dependent upon slave labor) • Social Differences - North had public schools, outlawed slavery, more rights for women - South had private schools, over 50% of the population were slaves, patriarchal society • Political Differences - as our borders expanded, people felt more loyalty to their state over the nation as a whole - emergence of new political parties, defined by region - Southerners generally believed in need for more states’ rights

  3. Election of 1860 • Lincoln’s name did not even appear on most ballots in the South • Lincoln won without a single electoral vote from the South and with only 39% of the popular vote Lower South Secedes

  4. Lower South Secedes • Outraged President could win without any Southern electoral votes • Supporters of slavery encouraged the withdrawal (secession) from the Union • S. Carolina led the way and 6 other states followed • In February 1861 they created a new country, the Confederate States of America • Jefferson Davis was elected President of the South LOWER SOUTH IN RED

  5. Civil War Brings: 1861 - 1865 Change & Challenges • Political • Economic • Social

  6. Political Change • Conscriptionboth North & South issued a draft • Income TaxNorth instituted Nation’s first income tax to pay for war • Suspension of writ of habeas corpusBoth sides limited civil rights during war The Civil War increased the power of the Federal Government

  7. Economic Change • Northern economyprospered with the demand for more goods during the war • Southern economy was destroyed (much of the land was destroyed & slave labor was ended) The Civil War further divided the economies of the North & South

  8. Social Change • Almost as many deaths from Civil War as from EVERY other American war COMBINED! (Over 600,000 – about 2% of population) • Emancipation Proclamation“Freed” slaves in the Confederacy giving the war a moral purpose • 13th AmendmentFormally ended slavery throughout the United States

  9. Reconstruction 1865 - 1867 The era of rebuilding following the Civil War • After the Civil War we had to determine: • How to integrate 4 million newly freed African Americans into national life • The process on how to re-admit the defeated Confederate states to the U.S.

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