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Chapter 22

Chapter 22. The Diversity of Life. (V) Kingdom Animalia. 9 Major Phyla: Multicellular Ingests food. http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/animals.html. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html. (V) Kingdom Animalia. (V) Kingdom Animalia. (V) Kingdom Animalia.

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Chapter 22

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  1. Chapter 22 The Diversity of Life

  2. (V) Kingdom Animalia 9 Major Phyla: Multicellular Ingests food http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/animals.html http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html

  3. (V) Kingdom Animalia

  4. (V) Kingdom Animalia

  5. (V) Kingdom Animalia

  6. 22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom Animals are defined by these characteristics: 1. Are multicellular (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems. 2. Are aerobic and heterotrophic. 3. Reproduce sexually, and in some cases asexually, or both. 4. Most are motile during at least part of their life cycle. 5. Life cycles include a period of: embryonic development; germ tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) 6. Are Vertebrates or Invertebrates

  7. 22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom Your Turn to teach • Body Plans • Type of Gut • Tissue layers • Body Cavities • Segmentation • Phylum Characteristics • Structurally • Numbers of Species • Etc

  8. Body Symmetry Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

  9. Body Symmetry Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged • Asymmetry (sym =with, together, metry = measure) no pattern,no central axis • Radial symmetry (radia = spoke, radius;) do have distinct top and bottom sides, but have no distinct left and right. • Bilateral symmetry (bi = two; later = side) do have distinct left and right sides,

  10. Symmetry

  11. Positional terminology • anterior - toward the head • posterior - toward the tail • dorsal - back side • ventral - belly side

  12. Blastopore

  13. One way Digestive System

  14. Population Speciation Invertebrates Arthropod Protists Chordates Insects

  15. Population Speciation • Invertebrates • Sponges • Cnidarians -Coelenterates • Flatworms - Platyhelminthes • Annelids–Segments Galore • Mollusks, classes? • Roundworms - Nematods • Arthropods—The Most Successful Animals • Crustaceans • Spiders • Insects • 8. Echinoderms • Vertebrates • Chordates Insects

  16. Porifera • Sponges • Simplest of all animals • No true organ systems • 8000 sp. • Sessile • Filter feeders • Asexual and sexually • reproduction

  17. Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates) • 11,000 sp. • Two cell layers thick • Hollow body cavity with one opening. • Ex: Hydra, coral Jellyfish, anemone, Portuguese man of war

  18. Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

  19. Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates) Jellyfish Sea anemone, hydra Coral,

  20. Platyhelminthes, (flatworms) • 15,000 sp. • Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes • Bi-laterally symmetrical • 3 layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm,) • Have distinct functioning systems. • Motile • Mostly parasitic • Predominantly hermaphroditic • Primitive gut or gut absent • Asexual and Hermaphrodites

  21. Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)

  22. Platyhelminthes, (flatworms) http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/faculty/horn/b101/lectures/animdiv3/

  23. Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)

  24. Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms) • 20,000 sp. • Roundworms, Trichnosis • Round unsegmented worms • Parasitic • Has a complex life cycle

  25. Nematodes Life Cycle

  26. . Introduction to Arthropods. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth

  27. Introduction to Arthropods. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth. • Segmented body • Jointed appendages (legs) • Exoskeleton (chitin) • Ex: Grasshopper Spiders Lobster, Shrimp, Barnacles

  28. Major Classes Crustaceans Insecta Arachnida Chilipoda Diploda

  29. Barnacles “Ouchies”

  30. Annelids, Ex: Earthworm Leech, sandworm marine worm • One digestive System • Thin flexible cuticle covering the body allowing for flexible movement and gas exchange, • setae allow movement, 4pr/segment . • Approximately • 15, 000 species • Hermaphrodites and separate sexes • Worms with segmented bodies. • Openings at both ends.

  31. Earthworms

  32. Phylum Mollusks • soft bodied animals, • generally enclosed in a hard, protective shell. • The shell maybe one unit, two hinged together or even eight in a row • In most species this mantle covers and shelters its gills. • The body plan of a Mollusca is divided into: • the head • strong muscular foot • visceral mass. organ systems are well developed • Mollusks are also unique because of their specialized tongue called radulla.

  33. Phylum Mollusks • Gastropod: snails, slugs, nudibranch • Chitons: chiton • Bivalves: oysters, clams • Cephalopod: Squid octopus,

  34. Examples

  35. Phylum Echinoderms (Spiny / skin)all starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumber sea cucumber Sea Biscuit Sand $ Brittle star

  36. Phylum Echinoderms • 7000 species, 15000 including fossil records • calcareous endoskeleton composed of separate plates • radial symmetry • water vascular system ("tube feet") • decentralized nervous system • Regenerative, sexual and asexual • gut complete • Marine

  37. All Types of Sea Stars Sun Star

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