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Sandhi 1

Sandhi 1. Rules of external sandhi for anusvàra:. 1. Word-final m  ü before a word-initial consonant: devam + paśyati `s/he sees the god' devaü paśyati devam + dadarśa `s/he saw the god' devaü dadarśa pårvam + sattvam `the former existence' pårvaü sattvam.

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Sandhi 1

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  1. Sandhi 1

  2. Rules of external sandhi for anusvàra: 1. Word-final m ü before a word-initial consonant: devam + paśyati `s/he sees the god' devaü paśyati devam + dadarśa `s/he saw the god' devaü dadarśa pårvam + sattvam `the former existence' pårvaü sattvam

  3. Rules of external sandhi for anusvàra: 2. Optionally, ü becomes a homorganic nasal before a following consonant: üï before a velar consonant ü¤ before a palatal consonant üõ before a retroflex consonant ün before a dental consonant üm before a labial consonant devaü + dadarśa `s/he saw the god' devan dadarśa

  4. This assimilation takes place neither before the fricatives (ś, ù, s, h) nor before r, and happens only rarely before the other semivowels: übefore y ü before v ül before l aśvaü + vinà `without a horse' aśva vinà (written Añv!~ ivna)

  5. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 1. A word-final visarga remains unchanged before a word-initial labial or velar voiceless stop: yaśaþ + pràpa `s/he obtained fame' yaśaþ pràpa puruùaþ + khanati `the man digs' puruùaþ khanati

  6. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: aśvaþ + tiùñhati `the horse stands' aśvas tiùñhati taiþ + ñaïkaiþ `with those hoes' taiù ñaïkaiþ tataþ + ca `and then' tataś ca

  7. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 3. Word-final àþà before any voiced sound: devàþ + gacchanti `the gods go' devà gacchanti devàþ + àsate `the gods sit' devà àsate

  8. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 4. Word-final aþo before any voiced consonant: devaþ + gacchati `the god goes' devo gacchati devaþ + rocate `the god shines' devo rocate

  9. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 5. Word-final aþ  a before any vowel other than short a: devaþ + àste `the god sits' deva àste devaþ + iha `the god here' deva iha

  10. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 6. When word-final aþ is followed by a, aþ o and the following a is elided (where elision is indicated by the used of the avagraha): devaþ + asti `he is a god' devo 'sti (written devae =iSt)

  11. Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 7. Before a consonant, the words saþ `that' and eùaþ `this' behave exceptionally. Optionally, they lose their final þ before any consonant (voiced or voiceless): saþ + gacchati `that one goes' sa gacchati eùaþ + puruùaþ `this man' eùa puruùaþ

  12. A rule of internal sandhi converting n to õ nõ when it is preceded in the same word by r, ù, or é, and is immediately followed by a vowel, semivowel, or nasal, provided that a palatal, retroflex, or dental consonant doesn't intervene between the r/ù/éand the n.

  13. A rule of internal sandhi converting n to õ né‑ + ‑nàm `of men (gen. pl.)' néõàm brahman‑ + ‑ya‑ `pious' brahmaõya-ràjàn‑ + ‑aþ `kings (nom. pl.)' ràjànaþ

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