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Vocabulary Chapters 25 & 26. i mperialism—domination of one country by another. p rotectorate—country with its own government, but under the control of an outside power. m issionary—someone sent on a religious mission.
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protectorate—country with its own government, but under the control of an outside power
sphere of influence—an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
trade surplus—country exports more than it imports • trade deficit—country imports more than it exports
extraterritoriality—right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nations
regionalism—loyalty to a local area • European Union • Benelux • Nordic Council • Arab League • NAFTA • Metroplex • Arklatex (AR, LA, TX)
economic dependence—a less-developed nation exports raw materials to the developed nation & imports manufactured goods, capital, & technology
France • Practiced direct rule • Goal was to impose French culture on their colonies • Turn them into French provinces
Britain • Relied on indirect rule • Used local rulers to govern their colonies • Encouraged children of ruling class to get an education in Britain
Spheres of Influence—the 3rd form of western control • Europeans—carved these out in China • U.S. claimed Latin America
By the 1800s, European contact with Africa increased. • Explorers began pushing into the interior • Missionaries came to spread Christianity
Berlin Conference—1884 • Set up rules for colonizing Africa • No Africans were invited! • By 1914, Europe ruled almost all the continent • France gained large areas in northwest Africa • Britain took smaller regions, but ones rich in natural resources
Berlin Conference—1884 • Cause—a scramble by European countries to colonize the continent of Africa • Effect—Europeans redrew the map of Africa with little regard for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries
British gained control of the Suez Canal. • Ruler of Egypt unable to repay loans for the Suez Canal & had to sell his shares in the canal • British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli bought the shares, giving Britain controlling interest in the canal.
European Powers & Iran • Russia wanted—to protect its southern frontier & expand into Central Asia • Britain was concerned about—protecting its interests in India • The discovery of oil in Iran heightened foreign interest in the region.
British Rule in India—Britain felt it was helping India, but some policies hurt the colony. GOOD EFFECTS BAD EFFECTS Indian resources go to Britain British-made good replace local goods Farms grow cash crops not food crops (people go hungry) Top jobs go to British Indian people treated as inferior Britain tried to replace Indian culture with western ways • New roads & railroads • Telegraph & postal systems unite people • Irrigation systems improve farming • New laws/new justice for all classes • Education (British schools) • Customs that threaten human rights are ended
Opium War CAUSES EFFECTS Britain received indemnity (reparations) Britain received Hong Kong British citizen were granted extraterritoriality China had to open 5 ports to trade • Chinese government outlawed opium & executed Chinese drug dealers. Called on Britain to stop the trade & they refused. • Chinese warships clashed with British merchants; the Chinese used outdated weapons & fighting & were easily defeated
Qing Dynasty Falls • Sun Yixian—nationalism, democracy, livelihood • Uprisings in the provinces spread • Peasants, students, local warlords & court politicians helped topple the Qing dynasty
Japan was eager to adopt western technology. • The government encouraged Japan’s business class to adopt western methods. • Established banking system • Built railroads • Improved ports • Organized telegraph & postal system • Government typically built factories & sold them to wealthy families.
The U.S. annexed Hawaii. • American sugar growers pushed for more power in Hawaii. • After the planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani, they asked the U.S. to annex.
The U.S. & the Philippines • U.S. was fighting the Spanish-American War in 1898 • American battleships destroyed the Spanish fleet which was stationed in the Philippines • Filipinos joined the U.S. in the fight against Spain, expecting to gain their independence
Mexico • By the early 1900s, the people of Mexico wanted democracy. • The result was revolution and competition for power • Revolutionary activity did not cease until the 1930s Pancho Villa Emiliano Zapata
Africa—Cecil Rhodes • Founded the diamond company, DeBeers • Rhodes Scholarship • Supported British imperialism in Africa • Extended British empire by 1,000,000 sq. mi. • Named a country for himself, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) • Promoted the policy of separation of the races
