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Transplantations and Borderlands: early 1600’s

Explore the development of American society in the early 1600's and the different categories of colonies - Early Chesapeake, New England, Restoration colonies, and the Caribbean and "Borderlands". Learn about key settlements, conflicts with Native Americans, and the growth of tobacco and other industries.

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Transplantations and Borderlands: early 1600’s

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  1. Transplantations and Borderlands: early 1600’s Ch. 2 : Although many settlers tried to recreate English society in the colonies, American society quickly developed its own habits and institutions

  2. First permanent English settlements had three things in common • Business ventures • Little effort was made to blend English society with native society • Almost nothing worked out as they had planned.

  3. Four categories of colonies • The Early Chesapeake • New England • Restoration colonies • Caribbean and “Borderlands” – Georgia is included here

  4. The Early Chesapeake • Virginia: Jamestown; starving time; tobacco • Maryland – retreat for English Catholics

  5. Growth of New England • Plymouth Plantation • Massachusetts Bay • Connecticut Valley • Rhode Island • Puritans • Anne Hutchinson • Roger Williams • Pequot War /King Phillips War

  6. Middle colonies The Restoration Colonies:Proprietary colonies • Carolinas • New Netherland • New York • New Jersey • Quaker Colonies - Pennsylvania

  7. Colonization from England halts for nearly 30 years Charles I alienates Parliament and his subjects Roundheads vs Cavaliers: Roundheads prevail and behead Charles I Oliver Cromwell rules until 1658 Charles II “restored” to the crown

  8. Carolinas • Religious freedom to anyone who would worship as a Christian • North: backwoods farmers, no aristocracy, no slaves • South: Charlestown, good harbors, prosperous ; tied to Barbados

  9. Pennsylvania • William Penn • Quakers • Anti-slavery • Democratic • No church government • Pacifists • Considered heretics by Puritians

  10. Caribbean and Borderlands • Caribbean Islands • Georgia • Areas inland to the Atlantic seaboard

  11. Jamestown: important terms • malaria • John Smith • John Rolfe • Starving time • tobacco • A Counterblaste to Tobacco (1604) • The headright system • Powhatan Indians • William Berkeley • Bacon’s Rebellion

  12. Chesapeake Jamestown(1607): a place of misery and death • Founded by: London Company • Location: swampy, hot and humid, malaria • Colonists: adventuresome gentlemen unwilling to work; few women • The “starving time” • Jamestown survived due to: 1)John Smith: organized work rules and raids on Indian villages to steal food 2) change from communal land ownership to private property • Tobacco • Headright system

  13. Chesapeake Jamestown: Status of women • Women sent to be purchased as wives • Status somewhere between indentured servants and free people

  14. Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathanial Bacon unhappy because Berkeley would not halt Indian attacks • Bacon leads an army to Jamestown • Dies before he can take over • Significance – see Brinkley

  15. Chesapeake Maryland: important terms • George Calvert • Lord Baltimore • Catholics • Proprietary rule • Religious toleration

  16. Chesapeake Maryland • Founded by: George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) • Received land grant from the king • Reason for founding: land speculation/retreat for English Catholics • Characteristics: Religious diversity, decades of fighting among religious groups, landed aristocracy (huge land grants), headright system, no starving time, Indian assaults or plagues, tobacco, slaves

  17. Chesapeake Maryland

  18. New England relations with the Natives • Early peaceful relations with NA did not last • Changing Puritan attitudes toward NA –they became more brutal toward Natives • Pequot War and King Phillips War- both in the Connecticut Valley • Both wars were won by the English who were able to turn Indian tribes against each other

  19. Pequot War • Conflict between white settlers + Pequots over trade w/ Dutch in New Netherlands • Pequots stronghold set afire and destroyed. Pequots were wiped out.

  20. King Phillip’s War

  21. King Phillips War • Wampanoags led by King Phillip/Metacomet resisted English incursion into their land. • Raided English villages killing many. • English recruited Mohawks who were longtime rivals of Wampanoags • Metacomet killed and his severed head brought to Boston

  22. King Phillip’s War • Both wars affected by exchanges of technology • Did not end conflict with natives.

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