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C3-Communities

C3-Communities. Chp 3 Pp. 65-69. A. Life in a Community. 1. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. A. Life in a Community.

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C3-Communities

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  1. C3-Communities Chp 3 Pp. 65-69

  2. A. Life in a Community • 1. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

  3. A. Life in a Community • Food and nutrients are a major limiting factor in ecosystems. Without enough food, some organisms will not survive. • Temperature limits the types of organisms that can survive, and can affect their overall numbers. • Living organisms require water. If it is limited, the ability of an ecosystem to support life is limited.

  4. A. Life in a Community • Natural resources are a limiting factor for most human populations in ecosystems. • Predators limit the growth of some populations. I.e., lions limit the growth of zebra populations by hunting.

  5. A. Life in a Community • 2. Ranges of tolerance- ability to withstand changes in both abiotic & biotic environmental factors

  6. B. Succession: Changes Over Time • 1. Orderly, natural changes & species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem.

  7. B. Succession: Changes Over Time • 2. Stages of Succession- Primary Succession- colonization of barren land

  8. B. Succession: Changes Over Time • 2. Stages of Succession- Secondary succession- sequences of changes after a severe disruption such as forest fire or building demolition.

  9. Succession: Changes Over Time Yellowstone 1988-1998

  10. Secondary Succession- Yellowstone 2008

  11. Secondary Succession- Yellowstone 2008

  12. 3.2 Biomes • Largest ecological unit • Made of groups of ecosystems with similar features or characteristics • (Ecosystems are groups of habitats)

  13. 3.2 Biomes • Aquatic Biomes- • Marine biomes • Photic zone where light penetrates- plankton • Aphotic zone deeper water that sun doesn’t penetrate • Estuaries- coastal body of water with salt and fresh water mixing, abundant food and shelter often used as nursery • Effects of Tides- intertidal zone

  14. Photic zone Coral Reef

  15. Intertidal zone

  16. Estuary Neuse River Neuse River in NC is a vital part of a large and important estuary, the Albermarle-Pamlico Sounds. This estuary is reported to be our country's most important  fish nursery. 

  17. Freshwater biomes • Rivers • Lakes • Ponds • Wetlands

  18. Terrestrial Biomes • Latitude and climate varies –wind, cloud cover, temperature, humidity, precipitation

  19. Terrestrial Biome • Tundra • Taiga • Desert • Grassland • Temperate forest • Rain forest

  20. Tundra • Treeless • Long summer days • Temps usually freezing • Permafrost • Shallow rooted grasses • Dwarf shrubs

  21. Taiga • South of tundra • N or boreal coniferous forest • Larch, fir, hemlock & spruce • Topsoil acidic & lacking in minerals • More food & shelter for animals

  22. Desert • Arid region with little to no vegetation • Less than 25 cm precipitation • Scattered plant life • Large barren areas • Adaptations that Conserve water

  23. Grassland • Large communities w/ rich soil, grasses, etc. • Have few trees w/ more near streams • More species • Humus- sod • Grains, wildflowers, grazing animals

  24. Temperate forest • 70-150 cm precip • Broadleaf hardwood trees • Topsoil rich in humus with clay underneath • Many animals & birds • Often cleared for fields then regrown

  25. Rainforest • Most diverse species • Warm temp • High rainfall • Lush plant growth • Year-round growing conditions • 3 major stories; more niches for species

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