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Introduction of Epidemiology

Introduction of Epidemiology. 1.The brief history of epidemiology. 19 th century John Snow and the Broad Street pump Communicable disease epidemiology 1950s Chronic disease epidemiology Seroepidemiology 1980s Clinical epidemiology EBM (evidence-based medicine) 1990s

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Introduction of Epidemiology

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  1. Introduction of Epidemiology

  2. 1.The brief history of epidemiology • 19th century • John Snow and the Broad Street pump • Communicable disease epidemiology • 1950s • Chronic disease epidemiology • Seroepidemiology • 1980s • Clinical epidemiology • EBM (evidence-based medicine) • 1990s • Molecular epidemiology

  3. 2. Definition of epidemiology • Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and determinants and the occurrence of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems. (Last) • 流行病学是研究疾病和健康状态在人群中的分布及其影响因素，以及制订和评价预防、控制和消灭疾病及促进健康的策略与措施的科学。 • Field of preventive medicine

  4. Definition of exposure • Exposure: contact with or possession of a characteristic that is suspected to influence the risk of developing a particular disease.

  5. 3.Epidemiological study designs Based on characteristics: • Observational study • Descriptive study • Analytical study • Experimental study • Theoretical study

  6. (1) Observational study • Descriptive study • Ecological study （or correlational study） • Proportional mortality ratio study • Cross-sectional study（or prevalence survey） • Analytical study • Case-control study • Cohort study

  7. (2) Experimental study • Clinical trial • Field trial • Community intervention and cluster randomized trial • Quasi-experiment or semi-experiment

  8. (3) Theoretical study • Theoretical epidemiology ( or mathematical epidemiology) • Study of the method

  9. 4.The relationship between epidemiology and other related scientific disciplines • （1）Epidemiology and clinical medicine • clinical medicine ：individual diagnosis • epidemiology ：mass diagnosis • EBM（evidence-based medicine） • clinical epidemiology

  10. （2） Epidemiology and basic medicine • Epidemiology uses the knowledge of basic medicine. • Epidemiology promotes the development of basic medicine. • basic medicine: direct cause epidemiology: risk factor, the clew of cause • molecular epidemiology

  11. （3） Epidemiology and statistics（4） Epidemiology and the computer technology

  12. Examples of branches of epidemiology: • Cardiovascular disease epidemiology • Cancer epidemiology • Clinical epidemiology • Pharmacoepidemiology • Serological epidemiology • Molecular epidemiology • ……

  13. 5. Goals of epidemiology • Community diagnosis • Prevent disease and promote human health • Public health surveillance • Search for causes of disease and risk factors • Reveal the natural history of disease • Effective evaluation of diagnosis and therapy of disease and strategies for prevention and control disease • Provide the foundation for health decision-making and evaluation

  14. 6. The important viewpoint of epidemiological study • The viewpoint of mass • The viewpoint of social medicine and ecology • The viewpoint of compare • The viewpoint of multiple causation • The viewpoint of probability theory

  15. Thank You！

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