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Indo-Europeans Migrate

Indo-Europeans Migrate. The Indo-Europeans were a group of semi-nomadic people who came from the steppes-dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus Primarily pastoral, rode 2 wheeled chariots, lived in tribes and spoke forms of a language we call Indo-European

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Indo-Europeans Migrate

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  1. Indo-Europeans Migrate • The Indo-Europeans were a group of semi-nomadic people who came from the steppes-dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus • Primarily pastoral, rode 2 wheeled chariots, lived in tribes and spoke forms of a language we call Indo-European • Left to escape invaders or get more food • Migrated outward between 1700 and 1200 B.C. • Hittites in Asia Minor (Anatolia) • Aryans in India • Minoans in the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean) • Phoenicians on Mediterranean coastlines (mainly Lebanon)

  2. Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism • Thesis: • Answer question (no topics) 10pts _____ • Fact/Opinion (1st sent.) 10pts _____ • Significance (3rd sentience) 10pts _____ • 1st topic sentence 10pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • 2nd topic sentence 10pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • 3rd topic sentence 10 pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • Conclusion 10pts _____

  3. The Qin Dynasty • Emerged in western state of Qin and replaced the Zhou dynasty • Used legalist ideas to unify country • After ruling for 20 years, ruler changed his name to Shi Huangdi, which means “first emperor” • Attacked invaders and doubled the size of the empire • Made nobles move to the capital city so he could watch them • Sent his officials to control the captured lands • Had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered, and “useless” books burned • Shi Huangdi established an autocracy- a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner

  4. Program of Centralization • Built highway network, forced peasants to work • Had uniform standards for Chinese writing, law, currency, and weights and measures • Farming increased, trade increased, and merchant class was born • Harsh taxes and repression made Qin regime unpopular • Zhou dynasty had erected smaller walls to discourage attacks from the north • Thousands of peasants were told they must work on the wall or die • Many peasants died anyway completing the 1,400 mile Great Wall of China • After Shi Huangdi’s death empire was overrun by peasants from the land of Han

  5. The Han Restore Unity in China • After Shi Huandi’s death, peasants upset over years of high taxes, harsh labor quotas and a harsh penal system raised armies and fought over territory • After the civil war Liu Bang became the first emperor of the Han Dynasty • He created a centralized government through hundreds of local officials • Lowered taxes and softened harsh punishments • When he died his son became ruler in name, but Lu, his mother and Liu’s wife, was the real ruler • Ruled China for 400 years, many Chinese today refer to themselves as “people of the Han”

  6. Han Rulers • Lu outlived her son and ruled through other children • Died in 180 B.C., her family members were executed • Occurred often in Han Dynasty, wives competed fiercely for emperor’s attention • Wudi, Liu Bang’s grandson reigned till 87 B.C. expanded the empire through war with nomadic raiders to the north and west • Colonized northeast (Manchuria and Korea), and areas in present day Vietnam • Considered emperor semi divine and accepted exercise of his power • Good emperor= peace and prosperity • Bad emperor= floods, earthquakes and famines

  7. A Highly Structured Government • Emperor relied on a complex bureaucracy which was expensive • Filled army ranks and expanded the Great Wall • Wudi’s government included civil service jobs- jobs that civilians obtained by taking examinations • Tested applicants knowledge of Confucianism • Schools were set up to teach Confucian beliefs • Few peasants could afford the education • System worked until 1912 • Paper was invented in 105 A.D., helped spread education and spread bureaucracy • Other inventions: collar harness, perfected the plow, wheelbarrow, began to use watermills to grind grain

  8. Commerce and Culture • Population swelled to 60 million • Government ran huge silk mills, valuable trading item • Creation of silk became a closely guarded secret • Traded along the Silk Roads- through Asia, India, and even Rome • Gold and turquoise bracelets were carried from Persia • Carried silk and spices to Rome on camel caravans • Women were supposed to obey their family in childhood and husbands in marriage • Could become Buddhist and Daoist nuns and get an education

  9. Rebellion and Restoration • A family’s land was divided equally among all of the father’s male heirs • Small farmers often had to burrow money from large landowners. If they did not pay back the money, they lost possession of their land • Large landowners were not required to pay taxes. This meant the government had to impose higher taxes on the poor. • Gap between the rich and the poor increased • By 220 A.D. the Han Dynasty had disintegrated into three rival kingdoms

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