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FIRST PEOPLE IN RUSSIA

FIRST PEOPLE IN RUSSIA. EARLY RUSSIAN TRIBES. Originally home of the Slavs Agricultural tribe Cimmerians 1000-700 BC Scythians 700-200 BC Asian nomadic tribe Sarmatians 200 BC-200 AD Asian nomadic tribe. Scythian engraving. Sarmatian warriors. MORE INVADERS. Goths 200 AD-400 AD

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FIRST PEOPLE IN RUSSIA

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  1. FIRST PEOPLE IN RUSSIA

  2. EARLY RUSSIAN TRIBES • Originally home of the Slavs • Agricultural tribe • Cimmerians • 1000-700 BC • Scythians • 700-200 BC • Asian nomadic tribe • Sarmatians • 200 BC-200 AD • Asian nomadic tribe Scythian engraving Sarmatian warriors

  3. MORE INVADERS • Goths • 200 AD-400 AD • Huns • 400 AD-550 AD • Avars • 550 AD-650 AD

  4. MIGRATION OF THE SLAVS • West Slavs • Migrated to Poland, eastern Germany, and Czechoslovakia • South Slavs • Migrated to Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Albania, and Yugoslavia • East Slavs • Stayed in their native region and became ancestors of Russians and Ukrainians

  5. ARRIVAL OF THE VIKINGS • East Slavs benefited from contact with Greek city-states around Black Sea • Set up several city-states of their own to trade with their neighbors • 700 AD • Byzantine Empire • Prosperity attracted the attention of the Varangians (Vikings) • Would play important role in development of Russian civilization during 9th and 10th centuries AD

  6. VARANGIAN RUSSIA • Vikings began to use trade links set up by East Slavs as their own trade route to Constantinople • Not clear as to precisely how they became rulers of region • Became upper class within East Slav city-states and dominated trade with Byzantine Empire

  7. EMERGENCE OF THE RUSSIANS • Vikings gradually became absorbed into East Slav population • Both groups began to call themselves “Ros” • By 1100, this mixture of Viking and East Slavic people had become the “Russians”

  8. KIEV • Viking chieftain Rurik assumed control of all city-states in region • Made capital in Novgorod • Son Oleg transferred capital to Kiev • Took over some formerly independent Slav tribes • Took title of “Prince” • Credited with the creation of the Kievan State Rurik Oleg

  9. KIEVAN STATE • Stretched from Baltic Sea in the north, to Black Sea in the south, and from Nizhny Novgorod in east to Rumania in the west

  10. GOLDEN AGE OF KIEV • Indigenous culture, art, architecture, language, and law flourished • Prince Vladimir • Adopted Byzantine Christianity in 988 • Created Russian Orthodox Church

  11. RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH • Turned Russia away from Western Europe and influence of Roman Catholic Church • Cyrillic Alphabet • Invented by St. Cyril • The institution of a uniform religion, a uniform written language, and a united state headquarter in Kiev helped create idea of a separate Russian state and a sense of national identity.

  12. APPANAGE RUSSIA • Prince Yaroslav divided state into a number of principalities—one going to each son • 1036-1054 • Kiev itself was controlled by his sons on a rotating basis • System quickly created tension and acrimony among descendants and ultimately gave rise to “appanage” Russia • Period where individual princes ruled pieces of old Kievan state and fought among themselves

  13. MONGOL INVASION • Mongols (Tatars) invade Russia in 1236 and, by 1242, had conquered all the appanage principalities • Capital at Old Sarai and developed simple administrative system • Each Russian principality paid an annual lump sum cash payment to Mongol ruler (khan) • In exchange, Mongols allowed the various princes to maintain their positions and run their territories as they saw fit

  14. KHANATE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE • Mongols appoint one appanage prince to collect tribute for them • Called “Grand Prince” • Disputes between princes were settled by the principals appearing at Old Sarai • Khan settles dispute • Awards winner, kills loser • Russian politics took the form of various local princes jockeying and groveling for the support of the Mongol khan in order to advance their petty schemes

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