Livestock Keepers’ Rights

1. Livestock Keepers’ Rights League for Pastoral Peoples and Endogenous Livestock Development

2. History of Livestock Keepers’ Rights • World Food Sovereignty Forum 2002 • Clarified in further meetings • “Karen Commitment” - 2003 • Bellagio Brief - 2006 • Regional Pastoralists Gathering in Yabello, Ethiopia - 2006 • LIFE-Network Meeting in Sadri, India - 2007

3. LIFE-Network National-Level LIFE-Network Workshop 24-26 February, 2007 & International Workshop Livestock Keepers and the Management of Animal Genetic Resources: Roles, Rights, and Responsibilities 26-28 February, 2007 Workshop Documentation www.lifeinitiative.org

4. # 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and custodians of Animal Genetic Resources LKR Cornerstones

5. # 2: Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-systems. LKR Cornerstones

6. LKR Cornerstones #3: Recognition of traditional breeds as collective property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression.

7. LKR Cornerstones #4: The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding decisions

8. LKR Cornerstones #5: Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy making on Animal Genetic Resources issues

9. LKR Cornerstones #6: Support for training and capacity-building of livestock keepers and provision of services along the food chain.

10. LKR= „Bundle of Rights“ • # 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and custodians of AnGRFA • # 2: Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-systems • #3: Recognition of traditional breeds as collective property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression. • #4:The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding decisions • #5: Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy making processes on AnGRFA issues • #6: Support for training and capacity-building of livestock keepers and provision of services along the food chain.

11. FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, Switzerland1-7 September 2007

12. FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007 Objectives • Conservation • sustainable use • fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use

13. FAO International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Interlaken, 1-7 September 2007 Outputs • Adoption of State of the World Report • Global Plan of Action • Interlaken Declaration

14. Global Plan of Action Main issues (1) • „Livestock Keepers‘ Rights“ not mentioned • Intellectual Property Rights make no distinction between patents and others, e.g. geographic indication

15. Global Plan of Action Main issues (2) • Incentives for conservation are contentious because trade-distorting • Incentives for industrial production are not addressed although trade-distorting

16. Global Plan of Action Main issues (3) • Financing is contentious

17. Global Plan of Action Pastoralists mentioned 14 times! Aim 4: „to meet the needs of pastoralists and farmers, individually and collectively, within the framework of national law, to have non-discriminatory access to the genetic material, information, technologies, financial resources, research results, marketing systems, and natural resources, so that they may continue to manage and improve animal genetic resources, and benefit from economic development;“

18. Global Plan of Action Recommended actions on • training and technical support for the breeding activities of pastoralist and farming communities; • Integrate agro-ecosystem approaches in national agricultural and environmental policies and programmes of relevance to animal genetic resources, where appropriate, particularly those directed towards pastoralist and rural small-holder communities, and fragile environments.

19. Interlaken declaration, para 12 We recognize that access to, and the sharing of both, genetic resources and technologies, are essential for meeting world food security and the needs of the growing world population, and must be facilitated. Access to and transfer of technology, including that protected by intellectual property rights, to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, in particular in the case of technologies for use in conservation as well as technologies for the benefit of farmers, pastoralists and animal breeders in developing countries, especially in least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, including on concessional and preferential terms where mutually agreed, inter alia, through partnerships in research and development. Such access and transfer shall be provided on terms that recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights.

20. Patents on animals? www.no-patents-on-seeds.org

21. Industrial production systems Globally, • one third of pigs • 50% of eggs • two thirds of milk • 75% of broilers are produced with industrial breeds

22. Who are livestock keeping communities? • 70% of the world‘s poor keep livestock • 640 million smallholder livestock keepers • 190 million pastoralists (FAO)

23. Economic importance of African indigenous breeds • In Southern Africa, the livestock sector contributes 38% of GDP – not even including subsistence economy, drought power and manure • Sheep, goat, pig and poultry almost 100 % indigenous • Cattle: 50-99% indigenous breeds • Examples: Nguni cattle, Lesotho pony, Tswana sheep, Boer goat

24. Smallholder pig farmers • Some use industrial breeds • Some give up • Niche markets • Globalization is much faster than the European or US concentration process • Bangkok Post , 9 May 2007

25. Concentration in genetics industrynote: Erich Wesjohann Group, not Paul-Heinz Wesjohann Group (PHW) • Layer hens: • Broilers • Turkey

26. Concentration in genetics industry PIC: World‘s largest pig breeder + ABS: World‘s largest cattle breeder + Sygen: World‘s largest shrimp breeder = Genus plc

27. Monsanto‘s livestock business Cattle: sorted semen Decisive™ performance evaluation in 170 US dairies Pig: Closed herd system Access to pig genome through Metamorphix Patent applications in 160 countries

28. Concentration in genetics industry

29. Livestock Genetics Companies Concentration and proprietary strategies of an emerging power in the global food economy Susanne Gura

30. EU 7th Research Framework Programme Knowledge Based Bio-Economy 55 billion € over 7 years 7 themes, incl. Livestock biotechnology

31. Farm Animal Breeding and Reproduction European Technology Platform