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Characteristics of AR systems Applications Types of AR Issues in AR

Human Factors 2: Augmented Reality. Characteristics of AR systems Applications Types of AR Issues in AR. Augmented Reality Characteristics. Combines real and virtual: virtual objects superimposed or composited with the real world (adding and/or removing) Interactive in real time

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Characteristics of AR systems Applications Types of AR Issues in AR

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  1. Human Factors 2: Augmented Reality • Characteristics of AR systems • Applications • Types of AR • Issues in AR

  2. Augmented Reality Characteristics • Combines real and virtual: virtual objects superimposed or composited with the real world (adding and/or removing) • Interactive in real time • Registered in 3-D • In contrast to VE’s, AR supplements reality rather than replacing it

  3. Components of an AR system NB: AR can be applied to all senses. There are systems that are being developed that can accommodate sound, in which the user wears headphones equipped with microphones.

  4. Why use AR? • The information conveyed by the virtual objects helps the user perform real-world tasks. It provides information to the user that is not directly available to the user’s senses otherwise.

  5. Applications • Medical: project non-invasive imaging scans (MRI, CT, ultrasound) onto the patient’s body - “x-ray vision”. Particularly useful for minimally invasive surgery. Also for guiding precision surgery or training. ultrasound guided needle biopsy

  6. Applications • Assembly, maintenance and repair: Instructions available on-site as superimposed 3D drawings (video)

  7. Applications • Visualization: e.g. architects may visualize how a particular structure will change the view of the environment. Or they may employ “x-ray vision” to visualize pipes, electric lines or structural supports inside walls (video). • Annotation: tag objects or enviroments with public or private information. E.g. a context sensitive (hand-held) display could provide info on library books as the user walks around a library.

  8. NaviCam [Rekimoto, UIST’94] context-sensitive information assistant object ID

  9. Applications • Robot path planning: due to long communication delays with a real robot, controlling the virtual version may be preferable • Military aircraft: superimpose vector graphics onto the pilot’s view of the world • Entertainment: e.g. virtual sets merging real actors with virtual backgrounds

  10. Applications • Wearable computing: context-sensitive & mobile

  11. http://www.microopticalcorp.com/

  12. Types • Optical see-through HMD • Video see-through HMD • Monitor based AR

  13. Optical See-Through HMD

  14. Video See-Through HMD

  15. Monitor based AR

  16. Issues in AR What’s wrong with this picture?

  17. Issues in AR • WIMP interface is fundamentally wrong for AR • Users are very sensitive to visual offsets (<1 min of arc) - HMD trackers and displays cannot provide this level of accuracy: the registration problem (not so much a problem in VE’s). Note that some applications will demand high accuracy! • Static errors: optical distortion; errors in tracking; misalignments • Dynamic errors: end-to-end system latency (pot. solutions: lag reduction; temporal stream matching(only w. video based systems); location prediction) • AR is in its infancy: No turnkey, off-the-shelf AR systems available; much research still needed on perceptual, cognitive and social issues

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