Part 2

1. Part 2

2. Essential Question

3. The Communist Revolution in China • 1937 – Nationalists & Communists united to defeat the Japanese • When Japanese were defeated in 1945 the nationalists & communists resumed their fight • Soviets supported Communists, who quickly took control of countryside • Nationalists were forced onto Taiwan in 1949, giving Communists complete control of China

4. The Red Star Over China • All aspects of life came under control of Communist Party & its leader Mao Zedong • Changes to China Under Mao • Elimination of Capitalist Class – Communists said capitalists exploited others, & killed 1 million • Reeducation – Communist beliefs became required learning in universities • The Family – Family authority was replaced by authority of Communist Party

5. The Great Leap Forward • 1956 – Mao forced peasant to work on cooperative farms; Families shared work & crops • 1958 – Mao introduces 5 Year Plan to turn China into an industrial power • Large population used to build dams, roads & factories • Poor planning & high costs led to disaster • China faced starvation & economic crisis

6. The Korean War (1950-1953) • Westerners worried that Communism would spread after it began in China • 1945 – Korea divided into Communist North Korea, & non-communist South Korea • 1950 – Communists invade South Korea • U.S. & other countries helped, & forced Communists back to North Korea

7. The Korean War (1950-1953) • General MacArthur led U.N. forces into North Korea • China intervened as forces approached Chinese border • 1953 – Compromise ended war, leaving things the way they were before it started

8. The Cultural Revolution • 1962 – Soviets & Chinese split after arguing • Mao launched campaign to become leader of Communist movement throughout the world • Worried about loss of enthusiasm & wanted to cover his mistakes in Great Leap Forward • Invited 11 Million students to revitalize Communism by becoming “Red Guard”

9. The Cultural Revolution • Red Guard attacked those who had abandoned Communism • Many people were tortured & killed • Mao was forced to use the army to regain control of the Red Guard • Revolution ended when food shortages caused Mao to send Red Guard to work on farms

10. The Nuclear Arms Race • 1949 – U.S.S.R. detonates their 1st nuclear bomb • U.S. & Soviet Union developed hydrogen bombs & missiles to carry them • 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik, 1st satellite • Both realized atomic weapons were too destructive to use, & became deterrents • Superpowers locked in Balance of Terror • Involvement in regional conflicts led to smaller wars

11. Krushchev & Eastern Europe • Nikita Krushchev replaced Stalin after his death • Krushchev condemned Stalinism which triggered unrest in Eastern Europe • Poland – Krushchev allowed striking workers to reform as long as they remained part of Warsaw Pact • Hungary – Soviet troops crushed government reform • East Berlin – Many fled to West, & Krushchev built Berlin Wall in 1961 • Czechoslovakia – Soviets sent tanks to stop revolution, & hard-line Communist leaders were put in power

12. Communism Comes to Latin America • Poverty & oppression made it perfect for Communism • 1959 – Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban rulers • Promised democracy, but nationalized business • U.S. stopped trade with Cuba • Soviets lent support, & helped turn Cuba Communist • 1961 – CIA trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba at Bay of Pigs

13. Communism Comes to Latin America • President Kennedy refused to support invasion, which later failed • 1962 – American leaders discover Cubans are building bases for nuclear weapons • Cuban Missile Crisis resulted in U.S. blockade of Cuba • Weapons were withdrawn • Krushchev’s failure led to removal from power in 1964

14. The War in Vietnam • Vietnam divided after gaining independence • Ho Chi Minh created Communist North Vietnam • South Vietnam refused to hold elections to reunify the country • Viet Cong, Communists, invaded South Vietnam • America intervened in 1964

15. The War in Vietnam • 1973 – Americans withdraw after not being able to turn tide against Viet Cong • 1975 – South Vietnam fell to Viet Cong, & country was reunited as Communist

16. Cambodia • Withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam led to collapse of Cambodian government • 1975 – Cambodian Communists, Khmer Rouge, seized control • Pol Pot, leader, carried out a policy of genocide • Killed 4 Million, but were eventually overthrown by Vietnamese intervention