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User Facilities for HEP and Photon Science at SLAC FACET ● NLCTA ● ASTA ● ESTB

User Facilities for HEP and Photon Science at SLAC FACET ● NLCTA ● ASTA ● ESTB. Carsten Hast SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. John Adams Institute, Oxford, UK, September 2010. ASTA. FACET. ESB & NLCTA. ESA. High Energy Physics Support Research for Linear Collider

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User Facilities for HEP and Photon Science at SLAC FACET ● NLCTA ● ASTA ● ESTB

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  1. User Facilities for HEP and Photon Science at SLAC FACET ● NLCTA ● ASTA ●ESTB Carsten Hast SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory John Adams Institute, Oxford, UK, September 2010 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  2. ASTA FACET ESB & NLCTA ESA Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  3. High Energy Physics Support Research for Linear Collider High and Ultra High Gradients Plasma Acceleration Direct Laser Acceleration Machine Detector Interface Studies Detector Development LC Detectors B-Factories Others Photon Science Gun Development New Materials New Designs Different Frequencies Novel Seeding Techniques for FELs and other FEL Fundamentals Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation Emittance exchange THz Radiation etc. SLAC Test Facilities’ Goals Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  4. Let’s talk about: • How to make a Linear Collider shorter • Higher Gradients (ASTA, NLCTA) • New Acceleration Techniques • Plasma Wakefield (FACET) • Direct Laser (NLCTA) • How to make FELs “better” • Brighter Guns (ASTA, NLCTA) • Coherent laser light (seeding) (NLCTA) • …and more…(ESA, ESB) Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  5. Beam Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator ~1m ~100µm • Two-beam, co-linear, plasma-based accelerator • Plasma wave/wake excited by relativistic particle bunch • Deceleration, acceleration, focusing by plasma • Accelerating field/gradient scales as ne1/2 • Typical: ne≈1017 cm-3, λp≈100 µm, G>MT/m, E>10 GV/m • High-gradient, high-efficiency energy transformer Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  6. E-167: Energy Doubling with aPlasma Wakefield Accelerator @ FFTB • Acceleration Gradients of ~50GeV/m (3,000 x SLAC) • Doubled energy of 45 GeV electrons in 1 meter plasma • Single Bunch Nature 445 741 15-Feb-2007 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  7. Many FACET transparencies courtesy of Mark Hogan 7 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department M.J. Hogan, FACET Users Workshop March 18-19, 2010, Page

  8. Beam Parameters Driven by Science Needs • Delivered to 100m area with three distinct functions: • Chicane for final stage of bunch compression • Final Focus for small spots at the IP • Experimental Area • Advantageous location: • Preserves e+ capability • No bypass lines or interference with LCLS • Linac setup virtually identical to SPPS/FFTB FACET @ SLAC FACET Sector 10 FFTB < 2006 FACET Sector 20 FACET Beam Parameters Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  9. c d e f g FACET Uses a Three Stage Compression Process a b end of FACET sector 20 chicane Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  10. Adjust final compression Disperse the beam in energy x∝ΔE/E ∝t dp/p [%] z [mm] dp/p [%] x [mm] ...selectively collimate Generate Two Bunches by Selectively Collimating During Bunch Compression Process Exploit Position-Time Correlation on e- bunch to create separate drive and witness bunch Modeled using similar analytic framework (CSR) as LCLS as well as tracking/shower codes Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  11. FACET Design is Forward Looking and Flexible e.g. Sailboat Chicane Upgrade • Extract e- & e+ from damping rings on same linac pulse • Accelerate bunches to sector 20 while 5cm apart • Use ‘Sailboat Chicane’ to put them within 100µm at entrance to plasma • Large beam loading of e- wakes with high charge e+ beams • Opens up many new avenues of research: • Positron acceleration on electron driven wakes • Positron Driven-PWFA • Fast magnetic switching with delay between opposite field signs Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  12. FACET Experiments • Plasma Wakefield Acceleration • PW Acceleration of positrons • Positron driven plasmas • Ultrafast magnetic switching experiments • After burner studies based on stimulated emission of radiation • Many technical questions for future linacs based on wakefield acceleration will be addresses (Optical diffraction, Smith-Purcell Radiation...) Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  13. FACET Status • Approved, funded (not enough…) and under construction • Construction schedule will allow first electron beam May / June 2011 • Need to checkout and establish decent beams June / July • Run beam for users starting July or August • 4 month of user runs per year for the next 5 years • FACET will provide 23 GeV electron and positron beams with 20 kA peak current with spot size of 10x10 microns • Integrated many experimentally diagnostics into FACET facility (BLM, OTRs, X-ray stripe) for improved reliability and shared benefit • Beam parameters are flexible and adaptive to a wide range of users • Good access for people and equipment • Flexible area for experimenters with space to accommodate new hardware/ideas First round of proposals was received, but: Please keep them coming! Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  14. End Station B (ESB) Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  15. Laser L-Band TTF Couplers Marx Modulator Plasma Switches E-163 DLA RF Testing Echo-7 XBTA S-Band Gun X-Band NLCTA ESB Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  16. NLCTA • 45m long, e- beam, 60-120 MeV (maybe 400 later), xy-emittance 1 to few microns, bunch length 0.5 psec, 5 -100 pC, dp/p≤10-4 • LCLS style S-Band Injector • 10 GW-class Ti:Sapphire system (800nm, 4 mJ) • KDP/BBO Tripler for photocathode (266nm, 0.4 mJ) • Active and passive stabilization techniques • 5 GW-class Ti:Sapphire system (800nm, 1.2 mJ) • For E-163 and Echo-7 • 100 MW-class OPA (1000-3000 nm, 80-20 mJ) • 5 MW-class DFG-OPA (3000-10,000 nm, 1-3 mJ) • Bend to Experimental Hall (currently E-163 DLA) • Laser Seeding Test Area (currently Echo-7 Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation ) • Lots of diagnostics • Two x-band RF test stations for High Gradient research • X-Band Test Area (X-Band gun and 100 MeV accelerator next year) Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  17. First Staging of Laser Accelerator Sections Undulator + Chicane Optical Buncher Transition Radiation Accelerator stage NLCTA Experimental Hall: E-163 E-163 Direct Laser Acceleration High gradient, power-efficient, economical acceleration  high energy physics and industrial applications Attosecond pulse generation from point-like sources  photon science applications Beam Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  18. E-163: Beam Tests of Microstructures Several types of accelerator structures to be tested Photonic Bandgap Fiber e-beam profile image at PMQ focus SEM image of HC-1550 fiber ThorLabs HC-1550-02 10 µm Planar-Waveguiding 8 x 8 µm RMS Achieved about 10 MeV/m (but the structures are tiny…) Goal is ~1GeV/m and having multiple stages Planar-Grating Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  19. NLCTA: X-Band Accelerator • Length: 75 cm • Operating gradient: 80 MV/m • Max gradient: 100 MV/m Our plan is to make NLCTA an X-Band show case: higher energy, better beams Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  20. NLCTA: FEL Seeding High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) laser • Energy modulation in the modulator • Energy modulation converted to density modulation 20 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  21. Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation EEHG HGHG seed laser 2 laser 1 • First laser to generate energy modulation in electron beam • First strong chicane to split the phase space • Second laser to imprint certain correlations • Second chicane to convert correlations into density modulation Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  22. EEHG FEL: Promises and Challenges • Promises (in theory) • Remarkable up-frequency conversion efficiency allows the generation of soft X-rays from UV seed lasers in a single stage • Peak currents are NOT significantly enhanced, which mitigates collective effects • Challenges • Control & preservation of the phase space correlations • CSR & ISR in the chicanes • Quantum diffusion in the undulators from ISR • Path length difference for particles with different betatron amplitude • Unwanted x-z coupling from field errors, high order field components Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  23. ECHO-7 at NLCTA existing New ECHO beam line • Install X2 to boost beam from 60 MeV to 120 MeV • Laser transport • Construction of three undulators, three chicanes • Add new or move existing quadrupoles, correctors, etc. • New power supplies • New diagnostics: OTRs, YAGs, cameras, movers, DAQ 23 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  24. Echo-7 Beam Line Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  25. Parameters of ECHO-7 (July 2010) Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  26. Spatial overlap Beam on OTR1 Beam on OTR2 OTR1 OTR2 Laser on OTR1 Laser on OTR2 The spatial overlap is achieved by steering the laser to the same position as the electron beam on the OTR screens upstream and downstream of the undulators 107 attenuation Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  27. Wavelength calibration 1590 nm laser on Incoherent undulator radiation (a) 795 nm laser on H2 (b) 395 nm bandpass filter in 531 nm bandpass filter in The radiation spectrum [350, 600] nm can be measured in a single shot 27 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  28. First ECHO signal! 1590 nm laser only But attenuated No HGHG (a) 795 nm laser only HGHG signal H2 (b) Both lasers on with no 1590 nm HGHG (c) E-1,5 H2 350 400 450 500 550 600 Radiation wavelength (nm) 28 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  29. 1590 nm seed laser on 1590 nm laser on H3 HGHG (a) H4 795 nm laser on H2 795 nm laser on H2 (b) HGHG Both lasers on H4 H2 H3 HGHG + EEHG E1 E3 E2 350 400 450 500 550 600 Radiation wavelength (nm) ECHO signals when beam has an energy chirp Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  30. Both lasers on H4 H2 H3 E1 E3 E2 350 400 450 500 550 600 (b) simulation EEHG comparison with Monte Carlo Published PRL in August Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  31. NLCTA Plans • Improve NLCTA • Control System, more uniform DAQ • Better beam diagnostics • Fix Phase jitter (between klystrons and lasers) • And many more • Ongoing Program • Repeat Echo 2-4 • Continue E-163 • Continue X-Band RF tests • New Experiments • Echo 7-15 • Narrow-band beatwave THz emission • Studies COTR properties and micro-bunching instabilities • Install transverse cavities for increased slice energy spread and redo EEHG • Emittance Exchange with transverse cavities • FEL gain (use an LCLS undulator) • RF Undulator test with and without beam • Increase beam energy up to 400 MeV • and more… • New X-Band Test Area for structure testing and an X-Band gun and 100 MeV linac Your ideas and contributions are most welcome Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  32. Ultra High Gradients • Goal is to design a “conventional” accelerator with loaded gradients of 150MeV/m (~7 times SLAC linac) • Material and geometry simulations, fabrication and of course testing (ASTA and NLCTA) • Achieved working beam loaded structures of 100MeV/m (routinely operating 80MeV/m structure in NLCTA) Application example: Soft X-Ray Linac ~40m ~30m Based on X-Band with 100MeV/m 50m 100m Based on SLAC Linac 20MeV/m Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  33. ASTA Test Facility • 50 MeV e-beam capability • RF component testing • Rapid modifications possible • Working on modernization of control system and a more universal LLRF system • Future photocathode R&D • New Laser Room Gate Valves Variable Delay line length through variable mode converter RF in from two 50 MW Klystrons Two experimental stations inside the bunker, one with compressed pulse and the other without the benefit of the pulse compressor. Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  34. ASTA Test Facility High Gradient RF development (ongoing) • Two XL-4 X-Band klystrons with pulse length up to 1.5 us • Very flexible X-Band RF pulse compression system • compressing the combined power from both klystrons • producing a variable pulse from 1.5 us to 62 ns • output powers from 100 MW to > 600 MW • Thermionic electron gun is available Cathode and Gun research for high brightness low emittance electron sources (future) • One S-Band and both X-Band klystrons • New laser system for the cathode and gun tests ASTA has a “bright” future Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  35. End Station A Test Beam (ESTB) • Test beam activities have been interrupted by ending PEP II operation and start of LCLS • ESTB will be a unique HEP resource • World’s only high-energy primary electron beam for large scale Linear Collider MDI and beam instrumentation studies • Exceptionally clean and well-defined secondary electron/positron beams, secondary hadron beams, and photon beams available for detector development • Huge experimental area, good existing conventional facilities, and historically broad user base Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  36. ESA Test Beam provides electrons up to 13.6 GeV at full beam intensity… Kick 13.6 GeV LCLS beam to ESA 2 - 6 x 109 e-/pulse @ 5 Hz Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  37. … Electrons/Hadrons up to 13.6 GeV, from single particles to full beam intensity • Clean secondary electrons/positronsp<13.6 GeV, 0.1/pulse to 2 x 109 e-/p • Secondary hadrons (later stage) ~1  / pulse < 12 GeV/c Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  38. Beam ESA Experimental Area Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  39. ESA Infrastructure Available InstrumentationTrigger counters Halo veto counters High resolution beam hodoscope Particle ID (Cerenkov, TOF, shower counter) Small, high field solenoid sturdy support table with remote movers Cranes 15 and 50-ton cranes available Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  40. Wakefield box Wire Scanners “IP BPMs” T-488 rf BPMs Ceramic gap for EMI studies 18 feet T-487: long. bunch profile Dipoles + Wiggler BPM energy spectrometer (T-474/491) Synch Stripe energy spectrometer (T-475) Collimator design, wakefields (T-480) Bunch length diagnostics (T-487) Smith-Purcell Radiation IP BPMs—background studies (T-488) LCLS beam to ESA (T490) Linac BPM prototypes EMI (electro-magnetic interference) Irradiation Experiments ESA Primary Beam Equipment Layout Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  41. Secondary Electrons and Positrons Inserting a thin foil in the transport line to ESA, and using the beamline as a spectrometer, creates a clean secondary electron/positron beam over the full range of energies (<13.6GeV) and a wide range of intensities down to ~1/pulse x,y~ 1 mm p/p ~  1% Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  42. from Jerry Va’vra’s Focusing DIRC Tests… Beam spot: s < 1mm Lead glass: • SLAC 10 GeV/c electron beam • Beam enters bar at 90º angle. • Prototype is movable to 7 beam positions along bar. • Time start from the LINAC RF signal, but correctable with a local START counter Local START time: s ~36ps Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  43. From Timothy Nelson (ILC-SiD) 43 KPiX64-4 BNL, UC Davis, Oregon, SLAC • Power-pulsed ILC readout chip • Three vertically oriented planes • Not a telescope: Goal is to test KPiX acquisition in ILC-like conditions, verify output normalization • We now have high- precision measurements of silicon positions: can perform 3-d tracking and reconstruct vertical beam profile

  44. ESTB Stage II Hadron Production • Add Be target, beam dump, analyzing magnet, momentum slit, and quadrupole doublets to produce a secondary hadron beam in ESA • Production angle = 1.35O and Acceptance = 10 sr Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  45. Beam Properties at Detector Plane x=1mm y=1.4mm E/E=1.3% Secondary Hadron Beam Properties Energy 0.1–12 GeV Particles per pulse 0.1–10 / nC Bunch repetition rate 5 Hz Precise beam trigger Yes rms x, y spot size 1-2 mm Momentum analysis p/p ~ 1% x,y,z space available 5 m, 5 m, 15 m Rate for p, K,  0.1-0.01/ Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  46. ESTB Status • New BSY kicker magnets, power supply and vacuum chambers • All items are in the design stage (based on existing hardware) • Will be installed during the down March/April 2011 • New small beam dump for ESA • Design is clear • Radiation protection calculations are ongoing • Will be installed early 2011 • New Personnel Protection System (PPS) • Is the most complicated of the needed upgrades • Design has started and implementation plan is under development • My hope is to get it done until early 2011 • We are planning on a User Workshop in conjunction with another meeting late this year or early 2011 First beam early summer 2011 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  47. ESTB Time Line for Hadrons Funding will be made available after we have had beam in ESA • June2011 primary beam to ESA  Additional funds may be released… • Need about 4-6 month to design and build hadron target and auxiliary infrastructure, new magnet stands, beam pipe • About 2 month to install equipment in ESA • During short winter shutdown 2011/2012 install target in A-line Hadron Beam to ESA Winter 2011/12 Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

  48. Conclusions 2011 will be an exciting year at SLAC • LCLS and SPEAR continue marvelous things • FACET and ESTB coming on line • But hurry LCLS II is getting ready to take over the Linac • NLCTA and possibly ASTA upgrades • Very long term plans are in the making Need electron beam? Come to SLAC! Carsten Hast - ARD Test Facilities Department

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