Sustainable development and The New Charter of Athenes 2003

1. Sustainable development and The New Charter of Athenes 2003 João Teixeira ECTP-CEU The European Council of Spatial Planners Conseil Européen des Urbanistes jtassociados@hotmail.com http://www.ceu-ectp.eu

2. The European Council of Spatial Planners published in 2003 The New Charter of Athens The vision, the Issues and Challenges of the New Charter of Athens shall be applied at the local level in a sustainable way Try it this way Sustainable development at local level Some examples of practical recommendations for planners.

3. sustainability definition "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” In Brutland Report “We have not inherited the world from our grandparents - we have borrowed it from our grandchildren” In Jim S. Sandhu

4. s u s t a i n a b l e c u l t u r e environment g o v e r n a n c e bearable viable sustainable equitable social economy

5. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST The European Council of Town Planners’ Guide for Spatial Planners Sustainable Development at the Local Level

6. Part 3 Steps towards Sustainable Development Policy preparation Plan design Plan approval Implementation Monitoring TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST Part 1 Introduction A practical guide for sustainable planning Structure of this guide How to use this guide Part 2 Aspects of Sustainable Development Water Air and Noise Soil and Land Nature and Ecology Transport and Accessibility Energy Waste Heritage and Regeneration Risk and Hazard Social quality

7. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST Scope The range of sustainable development aspects, scales, spatial and functional areas is wide. Planners’ activities and interventions related to planning on the local scale, from single projects to general land-use planning. Local plan to the smaller scale of public space as well as to the bigger scale of settlement structure and surrounding region.

8. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Focus both on new city expansions and existing urbanized areas that need reconstruction. More precisely: • general planning, • land-use planning, • city expansion, • urban development, • new extensions, • new infrastructures, • regeneration sites, • renewal interventions, • local initiatives and • single projects.

9. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • To all types of areas: • residential areas, • historic centers, • inner cities, • business centers, • commercial areas, • industrial areas, • ports and harbours, • tourist and leisure locations, • green areas, • urban parks, • rural areas in the urban fringe and • transport infrastructures and networks. • Furthermore deals with: • the protection of quality, • the reduction or enhancement • of quantity, • the supply of quantity and • quality, • and the management of both.

10. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • It addresses questions of how to achieve or stimulate: • cleaner air, soil and water; • reduction of waste production and the separation of waste; • reduction of polluting economic activities, the use of resources and energy use; • better possibilities for flora and fauna; • the green economy and the supply of green energy; • the use of public transport and reduction of car mobility; • the involvement of relevant actors and how to promote public participation.

11. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Nature and Ecology • The presence and quality of natural features is essential for environmental conditions and aesthetic values. • Areas with specific natural qualities or essential parts of ecological main structures should be protected from spatial developments. • Urban development should be guided by protected areas. • Feedback mechanisms and other ways of safeguarding and improving ecological quality have to be built into the urbanization procedures from the very beginning. • Spatial planning can maintain or increase the number and size of green spaces and stimulate bio-diversity.

12. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Objectives • Complete eco-systems with uninterrupted flows and closed cycles. • Ecological cohesion, large valuable areas connected by corridors. • Maximal bio-diversity. • Nature and ecology as basic component of any sustainable spatial development, action plan and urban design. • Be aware of the fact that urban development cannot be always stopped by protected areas, but that feedback mechanisms, safeguarding and improving ecological quality, have to be built into the urbanization process from its very beginning.

13. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Ecological system • Analyze existing ecosystems. • Provide ecological connections and natural passages between the urban area and its rural (including agricultural) outskirts so as in the urban area to allow small animals and birds to settle in the town; avoid barriers.

14. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Natural areas and natural values • Analyze existing areas with high natural values in the urban and rural neighborhood areas and analyze the existing landscape by: • identifying natural features of the site, particularly green species, watercourses and geological formations; • specifying native trees and shrubs, hedges, streams and terrain features of the site and any wildlife habitats which could be preserved; • analyze which values to maintain and to improve in the future. • Protect areas with natural and ecological values for urban development and urban influences. • Develop a green framework to provide links between the urban area and the surrounding countryside. • Identify and use nature, ecological potential and landscape to create an attractive and varied living environment by incorporating or re-integrating valuable elements into the initial layout of the plan or design process. • Provide, and if necessary prescribe, a high percentage of green (gardens, flower-beds, parks, etc.) in planning areas. • Provide inner courtyards with green. • Compensate for removed trees.

15. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Bio-diversity • Maintain the topography, the hydrography, the trees and other vegetation which all influence the bio-diversity and the microclimate. • Create non-accessible or partly accessible (natural) parks (green areas) and lakes and moors (blue areas) to obtain natural biotopes. • Differentiate green areas in different parts of the city according to the use made by population.

16. TRY IT THIS WAY – CHECKLIST • Spatial quality of public spaces • Differentiate accessibility within natural areas, which implies concentrating paths and recreation. • Give preference to indigenous arboreal species. • Provide basins for rainwater with low banks for a better accessibility of animals and to allow plants to grow. • Provide space for new trees to grow, considering the space of roots to develop underground. • Provide connections from the city outwards (for people to reach easily the countryside and enjoy nature, for instance). • Encourage the use of green roofs.

17. The New Charter of Athens 2003 • The European Council of Town Planners’ • Vision for Cities in the 21st century • Lisbon, 20 November 2003 • This is a vision of a network of cities, ( Part A) which will: • retain their cultural richness and diversity, resulting from their long history, linking the past through the present to the future; • become connected in a multitude of meaningful and functional networks; • remain creatively competitive whilst striving for complementarity and co-operation; • contribute decisively to the well-being of their inhabitants and users; • integrate the man-made and the natural elements of the environment.

18. The New Charter of Athens 2003 • The European Council of Town Planners’ • Vision for Cities in the 21st century • Lisbon, 20 November 2003 • Within the New Athens Charter 2003, the Vision also includes a framework for implementation (Part B) consisting of: • a brief summary of the main issues and challenges that affect cities at the beginning of the third millennium; •  the commitments required by spatial planners in realizing the Vision. • The New Charter of Athens is addressed primarily to professional planners working throughout Europe and those concerned with the planning process – to give direction to their actions, for greater coherence in building a meaningful network of cities in Europe connected through time, at all levels and in all sectors.

19. The New Charter of Athens 2003 • The European Council of Town Planners’ • Vision for Cities in the 21st century • Lisbon, 20 November 2003 • Within the New Athens Charter 2003, the Vision also includes a framework for implementation (Part B) consisting of: • Spatial planning is vital for the delivery of sustainable development. • In particular, it concerns the prudent management of space, a critical natural resource, limited in supply, but with growing demands upon it. • It also requires trans-disciplinary teamwork involving different skills at various scales in long-lasting processes. • The particular attribute of the planning profession is its ability to take a range of issues into account and to translate them into spatial terms. The ECTP is aware of both the variety and the universality of the planning profession in Europe as it takes into account the rich diversity of its cities and regions.

20. The New Charter of Athens 2003 • The European Council of Town Planners’ • Vision for Cities in the 21st century • Lisbon, 20 November 2003 • Within the New Athens Charter 2003, the Vision also includes a framework for implementation (Part B) consisting of: • PART A: The Vision • The Connected City • Social connectivity • Economic connectivity • Environmental connectivity • Spatial synthesis • PART B: Framework • B1 - Issues and Challenges: • Social and political changes • Economic and technological changes • Environmental changes • Urban changes • B2 - The Commitments of Planners

21. percentage of urban population 1890

22. percentage of urban population 1970

23. percentage of urban population 2000

24. percentage of urban population 2025

25. urban growth tendency 1950 2025

26. Most Important Documents • The Conference on Conditions of World Order - Bellagio - Italy - 1965 • The Club of Rome, first conference - 1968 • The Limits to Growth - Club of Rome report - 1972 • UN Conference on the Human Environment - Stockholm - 1972 • The World Conservation Strategy – IUCNNR - 1980 • World Commission on Environment and Development - UN - 1983 • Our Common Future - Brundtland Report World Commission on Environment and Development - 1987 • Ahwahnee Principles – Yosemite – 1991 • Rio Declaration on Environment and Development UN Conference on Environment and Development -June 1992 • Local Agenda 21 - UN Conference on Environment and Development -June 1992 • The Hannover Principles - Hannover Expo 2000 - 1992 • III Congress for New Urbanism – Charter for New Urbanism – 1993 – EUA • Declaration of Interdependence for Sustainable Future – WCA – Chicago – 1993 • First European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns - Aalborg Charter European Cities and Towns Campaign - May 1994 • Shaping the 21st Century: The contribution of Development Co-operation - OECD - May 1996 • The Second Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns - Lisbon Action Plan – October 1996 • The Bellagio Principles of Assessment - Bellagio - Italy – November 1996 • Kyoto Climate Change Protocol - 1997 • Smart Growth Principles - 1998 • The Third European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns – 2000 • Earth Charter - Earth Chart Council- UN- The Hague - March 2000 – March 2000 • Millennium Declaration - IN Millennium Summit - September 2000 • A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Strategy for Sustainable Development The European Council of Goteborg - June 2001 • World Summit on Sustainable Development - Johannesburg - 2002 • The New Chart of Athens –The European Council of Spatial Planners - Lisbon - 2003 • Millennium Development Goals 2005-2015 - UN

27. sectorial subjects global subjects Water Air and noise Soil and earth Nature Economy Transport Accessibility Energy Waste Heritage Rehabilitation Risks and accidents Social quality Connectivity - time - social - multicultural - intergeneration - territorial - economic - environmental Territorial Cohesion Competitively Revitalization Diversity Technological changes Integration

28. city approach towards sustainability NO YES Global Approach Time Scale Housing Density Landscape Transports Connection Partnerships Group of projects, each independent from each other Short term, avoiding difficult decision and political problems Decision based on minimization of environmental impacts Allowing high densities in old places Nature as a restriction to construction and development Streets and Roads design for traffic needs Allows partial allotments Work separately, deciding lately Integrated spatial strategy Long term, intergenerational, anticipating problems and applying prevention principals Decision based on city concept and citizens life quality, protecting environmental values Promoting different densities, bigger in central places, with more accessibility and greenery Nature as an ecological planning basis Public transports strategy. Good accessibility for pedestrian and bicycle users Integrated new development in urban structure, creating accessibility Working in network, anticipating problems

29. Technical Urban planning methodology 1 Public transportation and nods 2 parks, natural reserves, and rain water drainage 3 Pedestrians paths and sidewalks 4 Land use and densities 5 Streets and roads network 6 Spatial structure 7 Urban plan

30. Methodology for a strategic sustainable plan Plan Forum for the Urban or Regional Sustainable Development 1 strategy 2 problems identification 3 objectives formulation 4 solutions programming 5 action alternatives and goals 6 programs to achieve goals 7 plan conclusion 8 implementation and monitorization 9 evaluation and revision principals declaration Problem listing Objectives proposal Establish priorities Actions listing and goals evaluation Programs discussion Discussion of the plan proposal and report Follow up

31. sustainability process levels monitori- zation assessment orientation and principles manual of good practices planning process check lists implemen- tation projects strategies European Transnational National Regional Municipal Quarter Building

32. Sustainability Different scales

33. Regional Sustainability Polynucleation good example bad example

34. Regional Sustainability Transports network hierarchy regional city – 1st level sub-regional cities – 2nd level peripherical cities of the regional city – 3rd level peripherical cities of the Sub-regional – 4rd level railway or metropolitan network express bus or tram local bus

35. Regional Sustainability Transports network hierarchy evolution regional city – 1st level sub-regional cities – 2nd level peripherical cities of the regional city – 3rd level peripherical cities of the Sub-regional – 4rd level railway or metropolitan network express bus or tram local bus

36. Regional sustainability Public transport planning

37. Regional sustainability Neighbourhood form

38. City Sustainability Hammarby Sjostad - Eco-cycling model

39. City sustainability Agreeing a program for a major urban extension

40. Quarter sustainability Useful intermediary stage

41. Quarter sustainability Quality of the shopping

42. Quarter sustainability Local area of play

43. Quarter Sustainability Buildings orientation

44. Quarter Sustainability Sustainable indicators

45. Quarter Sustainability Sustainable indicators evaluation

46. Quarter Sustainability Sustainable indicators dynamic

47. Building Sustainability Rainwater collect for landscaping irrigation

48. Building Sustainability Maximize natural ventilation Building Sustainability Electric vehicles infrastructure

49. Building Sustainability Graywater reuse

50. Sustainability Objective decisions ouputs objectives A A time Graphic: Deterministic objectives A inputs A – Strategic decisions Graphic: Probabilistic objectives