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IP Addressing – Part 1

IP Addressing – Part 1. MIS 4700 – Advanced Networking Dr. Garrett. IP Addressing Basics. Computers deal with network addresses in the form of bit patterns IP uses a three-part addressing scheme Symbolic: Example “support.dell.com” Logical numeric: Example 172.16.1.10

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IP Addressing – Part 1

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  1. IP Addressing – Part 1 MIS 4700 – Advanced Networking Dr. Garrett

  2. IP Addressing Basics • Computers deal with network addresses in the form of bit patterns • IP uses a three-part addressing scheme • Symbolic: Example “support.dell.com” • Logical numeric: Example 172.16.1.10 • Physical numeric: Consists of a 6-byte numeric address, burned into firmware (on a chip) by network interface manufacturers

  3. IP Addressing Basics (cont.) • Data Link Sublayers Layers • Media Access Control (MAC) • Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer • At the Data Link layer, a network interface transfers frames, using MAC addresses, to another network interface only on the same physical or local network • At the Network layer, the sender’s address and the ultimate recipient’s address is in the IP packet header

  4. Anatomy Of An IP Address • IP addresses use dotted decimal notation • IP Addresses take the form n.n.n.n, where n is guaranteed to be between 0 and 255 • Each number is an 8-bit number that is called an octet

  5. IP Address Classes • IP addresses are further subdivided into five classes, from Class A to Class E • First three classes of addresses (A thru C), divide the octets as follows • Class A n. h.h.h • Class B n.n. h.h • Class C n.n.n. h • n = Network, h = Hosts

  6. IP Address Classes (cont.) • Address Classes D and E are for special uses • Class D addresses are used for multicast communications • Class E addresses are reserved entirely for experimental use

  7. More About Class A Addresses • Expressed in binary form, Class A addresses always take the following binary form: • 0bbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb • b = 1 or 0 • 00000000 thru 01111111 for first octet • Addresses consisting of all 0s and all 1s, for the variable “b”, are reserved for special uses • Network ID and Broadcast Address • Address 127.n.n.n is reserved for loopback testing

  8. Class A Address Facts And Figures

  9. More About Class B Addresses • Class B addresses always take the following binary form: • 10bbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb • b = 1 or 0 • 10000000 thru 10111111 for first octet • Addresses consisting of all 0s and all 1s, for the variable “b”, are reserved for special uses • Network ID and Broadcast Address

  10. Class B Address Facts And Figures

  11. More About Class C Addresses • Class C addresses always take the following binary form • 110bbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb • b = 1 or 0 • 11000000 thru 11011111 for first octet • Addresses consisting of all 0s and all 1s, for the variable “b”, are reserved for special uses • Network ID and Broadcast Address

  12. Class C Address Facts And Figures

  13. More About Address Classes D And E • Class D addresses always take the following binary form: • 1110bbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb • b = 1 or 0 • 11100000 thru 11101111 for first octet • Class E addresses always take the following binary form: • 11110bbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb • b = 1 or 0 • 11110000 thru 11110111 for first octet

  14. Network, Broadcast, Multicast, And Other Special IP Addresses • Network addresses cannot identify a particular host on a network • Network addresses have all 0s in the host bit positions • Broadcast Address is the address that all hosts on a network must read • Broadcast addresses have all 1s in the host bit positions • Broadcast Frame and Packet Structures • Network Packet Broadcast 255.255.255.255 • Data Link Frame Broadcast 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF • Multicast packet and address structures

  15. Multicast And Other Special IP Addresses (cont.) • Host uses a service that employs a multicast address • Host registers itself to “listen” on that address • Data Link layer destination address is based on the Network layer multicast address

  16. Broadcast Packet Example

  17. Multicast Packet Example

  18. Data Link MAC Conversion

  19. Vanishing IP Address Space • Mid-1990s experts began to predict that the Internet would “run out” of available IP addresses • Address space saving techniques • Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) • Trade in existing IP network addresses ($) • RFC 1918 private IP addresses range • Network Address Translation (NAT) lets networks use private IP addresses internally and maps them to public IP address externally

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