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AIA - In The Mix Solar Domestic Hot

AIA - In The Mix Solar Domestic Hot. Bob Ramlow Midwest Renewable Energy Association Co-founder, BOD member, Workshop instructor Wisconsin Focus on Energy Solar Thermal Technical Lead Artha Sustainable Living Center artha@wi-net.com. Solar Water Heating. Greetings! Overview

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AIA - In The Mix Solar Domestic Hot

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  1. AIA - In The Mix Solar Domestic Hot • Bob Ramlow • Midwest Renewable Energy Association Co-founder, BOD member, Workshop instructor • Wisconsin Focus on Energy Solar Thermal Technical Lead • Artha Sustainable Living Center • artha@wi-net.com

  2. Solar Water Heating Greetings! Overview • What do they do? • How do they work? • Building design impact • Benefits • Solar Economics

  3. Solar Water Heaters • Preheat incoming water using free energy • Can provide up to 75% of annual domestic hot water • Require back-up water heater

  4. Water Basics • Water expands when it freezes • Hard water can be hard on your system

  5. Types of CollectorsEvacuated Tube • Moderately high temperature collector • Collector design varies by manufacturer • Some tubes have moving parts • Glass tubes are fragile • Do not shed snow and frost as well as flat plate collectors

  6. Types of CollectorsFlat Plate • Proven Technology • Durable • Temperature operating range perfect for SDHW & space heating • Collectors shed snow • Repairable • Competitively priced

  7. Drainback Advantages can withstand moderate freezing conditions not affected by hard water uses distilled water as the heat transfer fluid – most efficient and no fluid degradation virtually maintenance free can be part of a combination system versatile installation options using flat plate collectors Disadvantages can be damaged under severe freezing or snowy conditions require careful pipe installation require a high-head pump and a vertical distance between the collectors and the reservoir of less than 25 feet System TypesDrainback

  8. System TypesDrainback

  9. Antifreeze Advantages not affected by freezing conditions not susceptible to mineral buildup from hard water no limit to the distance between collectors and storage can be PV powered has most installation options proven technology virtually maintenance free most systems have only one or two moving parts can be part of a combination space heating/domestic water heating system Disadvantages cost slightly more than other systems slight loss of efficiency due to heat transfer fluid fluid degradation under extended stagnation System TypesClosed Loop Antifreeze

  10. System TypesClosed Loop Antifreeze

  11. Shortest day of the year December 21st Longest day of the year June 21st Solar collectors need full sun from 9 AM until 3 PM (FOE 10-2) Site AssessmentDefining the Solar Window

  12. Site AssessmentSolar Window Illustration

  13. Access Tree Growth Distance from House or Collectors Balance of System (BOS) Placement Pipe Runs PV Powered Pumps Aesthetics Neighbors Future Construction Topography Roof Condition Site AssessmentInstallation Location Considerations

  14. Site AssessmentCollector Mounting

  15. Advantages and Disadvantages of roof mounting Advantages and Disadvantages of ground mounting Site AssessmentCollector Mounting – Roof Mount

  16. Collector tilt is the angle the surface of the collector makes with the horizon. Fixed array Tilt and latitude Roof pitch and collector tilt Site AssessmentCollector Tilt

  17. Roof Pitch Tilt Angle 0:12 0° 1:12 5° 2:12 10° 3:12 14° 4:12 18° 5:12 23° 6:12 27° 7:12 30° 8:12 34° 10:12 40° 12:12 45° 14:12 49° 16:12 53° 18:12 56° 20:12 60° Site AssessmentCollector Tilt

  18. Should not design a system to cover the entire annual load Aim for 75% 100% of summer load and 50% of winter load Check for weather irregularities at the site System SizingSizing Design

  19. Take quick showers instead of baths. Install low-flow shower heads or use a flow restrictor. Lower the thermostat to between 120-130 degrees Fahrenheit. You don’t need water hotter than that. Wrap the back-up water heater in insulation if it is in an unheated area. Use cold water with the garbage disposal. Cold water solidifies grease so the disposal can get rid of it more effectively. When washing dishes in the sink by hand, don’t let the water run while rinsing. Fill one sink with wash water and the other with rinse water. Soak pots and pans instead of letting the water run while you scrape them clean. Whenever possible, wash only full loads. If your washer has a water selector, use the lowest practical level. Install covers on pools and spas. Insulate all of your hot pipes. Upgrade your appliances: Energy efficient and low water use dishwashers and front loading washing machines save a lot of hot water. Turn of the water while you shave. System Sizing – First StepEnergy Efficiency and Load Reduction

  20. Work backwards: Consumption of 20 gal/day Need 20 gal/day of storage Need certain ratio of collector area to storage Need 20 ft2 of collector to heat 20 gallons of water (in Wisconsin) Alter simple figure according to: Household’s water consumption habits Size of household Geographic location and amount of solar radiation System type System SizingSimple Sizing Using Flat Plate and ICS Collectors

  21. System SizingSimple Sizing Chart

  22. Three primary inputs Hot water load Meteorological data for the site Solar collector efficiency Sizing evacuated tube collectors System SizingSizing Using Computer Modeling Software

  23. RETScreen International Free Download from Canadian Government www.retscreen.net Solar water heating module Notes on the program: Set security level to medium when downloading Enable “macros” when running program Some figures in metric PC only at this time Free Sizing and Economic Analysis Software

  24. Install 2 - 3/4” copper pipes from attic to basement Insulate pipes with high-temp pipe insulation (250 degree) Cap both pipes top and bottom and label them. Install 2 wire braded thermostat cable from attic to basement Solar Ready

  25. A typical solar water heating system will offset between 3/4 ton and 1 ton of CO2 per year - the equivalent of driving over 1,300 miles (@22mpg) Solar water heaters are one piece of the puzzle in reducing greenhouse gas emissions Natural gas, just like oil, is a limited resource that is being depleated Environmental Benefits

  26. Overall cost of comparable systems Solar water heaters have no operating costs Add initial cost plus operating expenses Compare final cost after a period of time Economics of SDHWLife Cycle Costing

  27. Economics of SDHWElectric with Federal Incentive - Graph

  28. Economics of SDHWNatural Gas with Federal Incentive - Graph

  29. Cash flow makes the world go ‘round • Solar water heaters save money by replacing fossil fuel fired heat sources • Fossil fuel bills are reduced • The amount saved can often completely pay for the solar heater • Little or no cash-flow impact!

  30. Cash FlowImpact with Federal Incentive

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