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Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds. . Saturated Hydrocarbons. A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon. In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the bonds are single bonds. Alkane is another name for a saturated hydrocarbon. Ethane. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons.

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Carbon Compounds

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  1. Carbon Compounds .

  2. Saturated Hydrocarbons • A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon. • In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the bonds are single bonds. • Alkane is another name for a saturated hydrocarbon.

  3. Ethane

  4. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons • Factors that determine the properties of a hydrocarbon are: • The number of carbon atoms • How the atoms are arranged: Straight chain Branched chain Ring

  5. Straight Chains • A hydrocarbon can contain one carbon atom, as in methane or thousands of carbon atoms, as in cellulose

  6. Halosomers

  7. Branched Chains • The structural formula for certain alkanes can differ. • Compounds with the same molecularformula but different structural formulas are isomers.

  8. The Ring • Carbons can be arranged in a ring, such as cyclobutane.

  9. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. • There are three types of unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

  10. Alkenes • Many fruit bearing plants produce ethene, which controls the rate at which fruits ripening.

  11. Alkynes • Alkynes are the most reactive hydrocarbon compounds. • They produce extremely high temperatures while burning.

  12. Aromatic Hydrocarbons • These alternating single and double bond hydrocarbons form a ring. • Many of these compounds have strong aromas or odors.

  13. Fossil Fuels • Three types of fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and naturalgas. • The primary products of the complete combustion of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide and water

  14. Substituted Hydrocarbons • The functional group in an alcohol is a hydroxyl group, -OH. • The functional group in an organic acid is a carboxyl group,-COOH. • The functional group in an amine is an amino group, -NH2

  15. Alcohols • When a halocarbon reacts with a hydroxyl group.

  16. Polymers • Polymers can be classified as natural polymers or synthetic polymers. • Rubber, nylon, and polyethylene are three examples of compounds than can be synthesized.

  17. Types • Four types of polymers produced in plant and animal cells are: • Starches • Cellulose • Nucleic acids • Proteins

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