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Best Brain Stimulation Treatment for Mental Illnesses

Best Brain Stimulation Treatment for Mental Illnesses. By Liam Phelan. The Problem. Major Depressive Disorder: MDD effects approximately 9.9million American adults. If not properly treated it can become treatment-resistant depression.

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Best Brain Stimulation Treatment for Mental Illnesses

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  1. Best Brain Stimulation Treatment for Mental Illnesses By Liam Phelan

  2. The Problem • Major Depressive Disorder: MDD effects approximately 9.9million American adults. • If not properly treated it can become treatment-resistant depression. • There are estimated 7-10million people world wide who suffer from Parkinson’s Disease. • There are 60,000 Americans diagnosed each year with Parkinson’s. http://www.miraresearch.org/understanding/statistics/ http://www.pdf.org/en/parkinson_statistics

  3. Brain Stimulation THERAPIES • There are three main types of brain stimulation therapies: • Electrocompulsive Therapy (ECT) • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) • A subfield of this is transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

  4. ElectroCompulsive Therapy (ECT) • Side Effects • Headache • Muscle ache • Upset stomach • Short termmemory issues • Used to treat depression • Can use one diode (unilateral) or two diodes (bilateral) which are placed on scalp in target areas. • Patients are put under with anesthia and given a muscle relaxer • Patients are shocked for around a minute. • Multiple sessions needed to treat http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies.shtml#Fitzgerald

  5. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) • Used to treat depression • Electromagnet placed over target area • Stimulus sent to electromagnet in pulses • Treatment lasts ~40 minutes • Only a few sessions needed • Side Effects • Headache • Muscle contractions in face and jaw • discomfort • Lightheadedness http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies.shtml#Fitzgerald

  6. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) • Used to treat Parkinson’s and most recently used in depression trials • Two electrodes implanted in brain(generally at motor cortexes) • Pulse generator implanted in chest, sends constant pulse to electrodes • Side Effects • Surgical liabilities • Unwanted moodchanges • Movement disorders • Lightheadedness • Trouble sleeping http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies.shtml#Fitzgerald

  7. TREMTEX STIMband • Used to treat Parkinson’s disease • Uses transcranial Direct Current Stimulation • Electrodes placed over motor cortexes • Used in 20 minute periods daily • Stimband not tested on humans yet, tDCS however has been • Side Effects of tDCS • Headache • Lightheadedness • Nausea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_direct-current_stimulation#Side_effects_of_stimulation http://www.bme.jhu.edu/news-events/news-highlights.php?id=510 http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/maryland-health/bs-hs-parkinsons-device-20150716-story.html http://hub.jhu.edu/2015/06/10/stimband-brain-stimulator

  8. ECT DATA http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905244/

  9. TMS DATA http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=207938

  10. DBS DATA http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089662730500156X

  11. Stimband data https://youtu.be/vrpVYfQaevw?t=2m59s

  12. Results and comparison • ECT is still very effective, probably the best option for what it can treat. • TMS has little to no effect on individuals suffering from depression. • Use of DBS for Parkinson’s is costly and ineffective • However, it use to cure MDD is very promising • The stimband and use of tDCS is very promising towards the control of Parkinson’s symptoms, and is the best Brain Stimulation treatment for that neu

  13. Questions?

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