12 th Standards

1. 12th Standards 1. Oral Expression and Listening 1. Effective speaking in formal and informal settings requires appropriate use of methods and audience awareness 2. Effective collaborative groups accomplish goals 2. Reading for All Purposes 1. Literary criticism of complex texts requires the use of analysis, interpretive, and evaluative strategies 2. Interpreting and evaluating complex informational texts require the understanding of rhetoric, critical reading, and analysis skills 3. Writing and Composition 1. Style, detail, expressive language, and genre create a well-crafted statement directed at an intended audience and purpose 2. Ideas, evidence, structure, and style create persuasive, academic, and technical texts for particular audiences and specific purposes 3. Standard English conventions effectively communicate to targeted audiences and purposes 4. Research and Reasoning 1. Independent research designs articulate and defend information, conclusions, and solutions that address specific contexts and purposes 2. Logical arguments distinguish facts from opinions; and evidence defines reasoned judgment

2. Read your choice novel while you wait!

3. Hook, Housekeeping & Homework Monday With a shoulder partner, review/share your responses to you’re The Road Study Guide. Homework Reminders Finish reading The Road before this Thursday, April 24th! Finish reading your Choice Novel by Monday, April 28th (a week from today)!

4. Past, Present, Future Monday • The Road – Small Group Activities • Historical Context/Background & Author Background • Reading & Study Guide • Theme & Key Quotes Analysis • Seniors Meeting 10 AM • The Road – Style & Theme • Choice Novel – Style & Theme • The Road - Final

5. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Monday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate. Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style

6. Instruction: Obtain Monday Purpose/Objective: You will be able to examine and draw conclusions about Cormac McCarthy's writing in The Road. Tasks: • Re-write using rules of Standard Modern English • Identification of McCarthy’s style • Analyze why McCarthy writes the way he does Outcome/DOL: Ability to articulate an understanding of McCarthy’s writing style and reasons for the style

7. Passage Re-writes Monday Task: • Read the following passages. • With a shoulder partner, select a 5 line section and re-write it using the rules of Standard Modern English (add punctuation, add words to correct sentence fragments, etc.). • Be prepared to come up to the board to share corrections. • Pages 52- 53 “The clocks… I’m not.” • Pages 112 – 113 “They crawled… Shh.”

8. Activity: Rewrite Using Standard Modern English The clocks stopped at 1:17. A long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. He got up and went to the window. What was it? she said. He didn’t answer. He went into the bathroom and threw the lightswitch but the power was already gone. A dull rose glow in the windowglass. He dropped to one knee and raised the lever to stop the tub and then turned on both taps as far as they would go. She was standing in the doorway in her nightwear, clutching the jamb, cradling her belly in one hand. What is it? she said. What is happening? I don’t know. Why are you taking a bath? I’m not.

9. Original & Re-write The clocks stopped at 1:17. A long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. He got up and went to the window. What was it? she said. He didn’t answer. He went into the bathroom and threw the lightswitch but the power was already gone. A dull rose glow in the windowglass. He dropped to one knee and raised the lever to stop the tub and then turned on both taps as far as they would go. She was standing in the doorway in her nightwear, clutching the jamb, cradling her belly in one hand. What is it? she said. What is happening? I don’t know. Why are you taking a bath? I’m not. The clocks stopped at 1:17. There was a long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. He got up and went to the window. “What was it?” she said. He didn’t answer. He went into the bathroom and threw the light switch, but the power was already gone. A dull rose glow appeared in the window glass. He dropped to one knee and raised the lever to stop the tub and then turned on both taps as far as they would go. She was standing in the doorway in her nightwear, clutching the jamb, cradling her belly in one hand. “What is it?” she said. “What is happening?” “I don’t know.” “Why are you taking a bath?” “I’m not.”

10. Activity: Rewrite Using Standard Modern English They crawled slowly through the leaves toward what looked like lower ground. He lay listening, holding the boy. He could hear them in the road talking. Voice of a woman. Then he heard them in the dry leaves. He took the boy’s hand and pushed the revolver in it. Take it, he whispered. Take it. The boy was terrified. He put his arm around him and held him. His body so thin. Dont be afraid, he said. If they find you you are going to have to do it. Do you understand? Shh. No crying. Do you hear me? You know who to do it. You put it in your mouth and point it up. Do it quick and hard. Do you understand? Stop crying. Do you understand? I think so. No. Do you understand? Yes. Say yes I do Papa. Yes I do Papa.

11. Why, in this novel, do some questions end with question marks while other questions end with periods?Is there any logic involved? Why do they have to do that? I dont know. Are they going to eat them? I dont know. They’re going to eat them, arent they? Yes. And we couldnt help them because then they’d eat us too. Yes. And that’s why we couldnt help them. Yes. Okay.

12. Use of Polysyndeton • the use of a number of conjunctions in close succession; the repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect.   • "He pulled the blue plastic tarp off of him and folded it and carried it out to the grocery cart and packed it and came back with their plates and some cornmeal cakes in a plastic bag and a plastic bottle of syrup." • prefaces a lot of his would-be questions with “and” or “but,” turning them from questions into statements • Usually “would-be questions” are at the end of a back-and-forth discussion • used usually by the boy for clarification

13. Socratic Method Even if we were starving? We’re starving now. You said we werent. I said we werentdying. I didnt say we werent starving. But we wouldnt. No. We wouldnt. No matter what. No. No matter what. Because we’re the good guys. Yes. • boy begins questioning, then catches on & turns questions into statements • father still answers them as if they were questions • Again, boy asks a line of questioning that begins with questions and ends with statements • father continues to answer them as if they were questions.   • shows boy wants to validate himself in front of his father.   • boy shows father that he can arrive at his own conclusions in the form of statements. • affirming what he already knows (that they wouldn’t resort to cannibalism; that they’re the good guys) • and making sure his father continues to believe them (possibly out of fear). • only have each other to talk • Socratic method of dialogue: the boy asks; father answers.  The boy arrives at a conclusion: the father answers.  The boy is the student; the father a teacher.  

14. What rules of Standard Modern English does McCarthy break? Complete sentences (uses fragments) Quotations marks Commas Paragraphing Questions marks While McCarthy breaks the rules of formal writing, it is not at all chaotic or disorganized. • a very consistent style; its own consistent set of rules • intentional • intentionality is the difference between good writing and bad writing • choosing to use sentence fragments must be a deliberate choice, requiring knowledge of the formal rules of grammar, and a clear purpose for violating them

15. Why would he write “this” way? What way? • minimalist • straight forward descriptions of what is happening • very little punctuation, etc. • focuses on what is literally happening instead of how it's written • fragments show the startling fact of some event. Some moment. Some idea. Simplicity. • Post- modernism: almost like modernism • Elements of chaos, futility, pessimism, instability, loss of faith, collapse of morality, and lost sense of self -- with a futuristic twist. Note that the story does not contain ALL of these modern elements. • Reflects stripped down nature of a post apocalyptic world where everyone left is an animal. • No names to show this. Fragments to show this. No grammar rules to show this because there are none. There is no literature. No Law. No anything that falls within the realms of dictating a society. Because there is none. • McCarthy's novel is dealing with notions of nihilism, i.e the complete annihilation of society. • Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900, German philosopher, challenged the foundations of Christianity & traditional morality) defines nihilism as ‘the radical repudiation of value, meaning and desirability.' • the degeneration of his language alludes to the degeneration of society. • language becomes obsolete in the novel, people forget colors, names of birds etc.

16. Some say… • omits conventions (commas, quotations, and sometimes question marks) because they intrude on the poetry and prose.   • a poet novelist (like e.e. cummings) • wants to expose the words in their bare beauty.

17. What do you think? • Not everything needs to be written like a term paper or an article in the New York Times. • Agree/Disagree? Why? Examples & Reasons? • His writing is unconventional, but it is far from "unreadable.” • Agree/Disagree? Why? Examples & Reasons? DOL: What did you learn today about McCarthy’s writing style? Why does he write the way he does? How does this style reflect the topic and theme of The Road?

18. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Monday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate. Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style DOL: What did you learn today about McCarthy’s writing style? Why does he write the way he does? How does this style reflect the topic and theme of The Road?

19. Read your choice novel while you wait!

20. McCarthy’s Style Student Responses We learned that he leaves out things like commas, indentations, and question marks because he thinks it takes away from the poetry. He also uses fragments to make it more real. By not using punctuation be creates a writing that is closer to what’s going on in real life. His style reflects the theme of The Road by showing that if there are no rules in society then there are no rules in writing. He breaks conventional writing rules to show the stripped down nature of a post-apocalyptic world. Minimilist style

21. Hook, Housekeeping & Homework Tuesday What are you noticing about the writing style of your author? • Sentence structures and lengths? • Punctuation and capitalization? • Description and detail? • Dialogue? • Characters & characterization? • Figurative and/or poetic language? • Structure of text? • Allusion? Don’t forget the research graphic organizer given to you last week! You need to research not only your novel & author’s historical time period and author’s background but also the style and theme of your novel! Homework: If you have not already done so, finish reading The Road and complete the Study Guide.

22. Past, Present, Future Tuesday • The Road – McCarthy’s Style • The Road – Finish reading! • Choice Novel – Style & Theme • The Road –Theme & Key Quotes assessment • Reading Time

23. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Tuesday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style

24. ActivitiesTuesday Purpose/Objective: to collaboratively review The Road Tasks: • Form small groups • Determine what everyone has read and completed • Discuss questions, using the book as needed to determine responses • Jot down answers to Study Guide Questions Outcome/DOL: understanding of plot details etc. in order to complete more of Study Guide in preparation for re-analysis of theme and key quotes

25. Reading Time! Tuesday

26. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Tuesday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style

27. While you wait, read! Thursday

28. Hook, Housekeeping & Homework Thursday • You should be done reading The Road and competing the Study Guide! • Please place your Study Guide responses on the front desk now. • You need to be done reading your choice novel by this coming Monday!

29. Past, Present, Future Thursday • Reading & Work Time • ACT Testing – No School • The Road – Final Theme & Quotes and Short Constructed Response • Final Project Presentation (if time allows; if not, Monday) • Reading Time • You need to have your Choice Novel read by Monday! • Final Project Presentation Assignment = Verbal/Visual Essay • Work time – Verbal/Visual Essay • Daedalus Lab

30. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Thursday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style

31. What is theme? A central idea or statement that unifies and controls an entire literary work. • a brief and meaningful insight OR a comprehensive vision of life • it may be directly stated in the book, or it may only be implied. • a central, universal message For example… • The immigrant experience is often one of disparity and isolation. • People are all too willing to stand silently by in the face of cruelty and suffering of others, so long as it does not touch them personally. • Jealousy can cause lasting damage to individuals and relationships. • Unconditional love withstands any obstacle. • Love and human connections are essential to the survival of humanity. • In extremely dire life-and-death situations, survival instincts often prevail over the moral teachings people ordinarily believe in and abide by. • Hope can help a person to survive any dark time. • It is important to have courage to express your individuality.

32. Final Assessment 1 The Road We Do Thursday Purpose: to determine a final theme for The Road and key quotes that support that theme Tasks: • Have out your own paper with your own name on it to turn in after these two assessments. • Now that you are done reading the novel, which concepts below stand out to you and why? What is the novel “saying” about the following topics? • violence • love • morality • spirituality • isolation • good vs. evil • memory & the past • strength & skill • versions of reality • compassion & forgiveness 2. Now that we have finished reading the novel, what do you think about the theme that you wrote last week? Do you need to change or adjust it? Outcome: A one sentence, universal statement of theme (on your own paper)

33. Final Assessment 1 Continued The RoadThursday • Now… find 2 – 4 additional literal details* from page 195 to the end that support or show the theme you’ve written Next… • Of your quotes from this week and last, select 3-4 that best support your theme • Make sure to select a quote from the beginning, middle and end of the novel to show that the theme exists throughout the book. • Below the theme, write your three direct quotes with page numbers in parentheses • See model on next slide * Direct words taken from the text can be 1-3 sentences of description or dialogue.

34. Model: I Do Thursday Ms. Durland • Statement of Theme: The immigrant experience is often one of disparity and isolation. • Quote #1: “It was a cold gray day in Paterson. The kind that warns of early snow. I was miserable, since I had forgotten my gloves and my knuckles were turning red and raw from the jump rope. I was also taking a lot of abuse from the black girls for not turning the rope hard and fast enough for them.” (page 1) • Quote #2: “ ‘You are forgetting who you are, Niña (girl). I have seen you staring down at that boy’s house. You are heading for humiliation and pain.’ ” My mother said this in Spanish and in a resigned tone that surprised me, as if she had no intention of stopping me from “heading for humiliation and pain.” I started for the door. (page 3) • Quote #3: “She looked intently at me for a couple of heartbeats, then said as if to herself, ‘I don’t know how you people do it.’ Then directly to me: ‘Listen. Honey. Eugene doesn’t want to study with you. He is a smart boy. Doesn’t need help. You understand me. I am truly sorry if he told you you could come over. He cannot study with you. It’s nothing personal. You understand? We won’t be in this place much longer, no need for him to get close to people—it’ll just make it harder for him later. Run back home now.’” (page 4)

35. Final Assessment The RoadThursday Short Constructed Response Directions: Below your theme and quotes, write ONE cohesive paragraph that addresses the following questions and shows your understanding of the novel The Road as a whole. • How does the novel end? • Do you believe it is a hopeful ending or not? • Does The Road put forth a positive and uplifting view of humanity, or one of darkness and pessimism? Be sure to… • Organize your writing (topic sentence, supporting sentences, transition words & phrases, concluding sentence) • Respond to each question within the paragraph • Give specific examples from the text to support your responses • Explain each example • Turn it in when you are done • Monday - Final Project sheet AND turn in your copy of The Road to me

36. If time allows, read your choice novel

37. What is “Modern” Fiction? The Novel Thursday Standard 2 Reading For All Purposes Objective: you will be able to read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it, citing specific evidence to support conclusions. Relevance: By interpreting text complex texts, providing evidence, and communicating ideas, we are practicing the skills need in any workplace or postsecondary setting. By reading modern fiction, we examine aspects of ourselves and others and how social and historical events impact the way in which we communicate Essential Question: What is modern fiction? • What social or historical events seem to have influenced these works? Historical Time Period & Author’s Background • Setting • Written/Published • How do these novels reflect the characteristics and themes of modern, post-modern or contemporary , post-modern, and contemporary fiction? • Plot Structure, Literary Devices & Theme • What stylistic devices and plot elements are used in these works? Author’s Background & Style

38. No Schoolfor Students Friday District Assessment Day