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The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow

The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow. Overview. Reconstruction: a review The Compromise of 1877 The Emergence of Jim Crow. 1. Reconstruction: A Review. What’s Reconstruction?. 1865: Civil War ends; North wins Two relationships to reconsider: States vs. federal government

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The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow

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  1. The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow

  2. Overview • Reconstruction: a review • The Compromise of 1877 • The Emergence of Jim Crow

  3. 1. Reconstruction: A Review

  4. What’s Reconstruction? • 1865: Civil War ends; North wins • Two relationships to reconsider: • States vs. federal government • White Southerners vs. former slaves

  5. Presidential Reconstruction • Andrew Johnson (Lincoln’s VP) • Tennessee Democrat; supported slavery before Civil War • Philosophy: give power back to Southern states • Results: • States passed Black Codes (1865-1867) • Rise of the Ku Klux Klan (formed 1865)

  6. Radical Reconstruction • Led by radical Republicans in Congress • Two key differences: • Gave more power to the federal government • Gave more rights to former slaves • Two key components: • Reconstruction Amendments • Enforcement Acts

  7. The Reconstruction Amendments • 13th Amendment (1865): abolishes slavery • 14th Amendment (1868): • Guarantees citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. • Prohibits states from passing laws to take away a citizen’s rights • 15th Amendment (1870): grants black male citizens the right to vote

  8. The Enforcement Acts • Three laws, 1870-71 • Protected civil rights granted to African Americans • Criminalized activities associated with the KKK • Enforced by federal troops

  9. Results of Reconstruction The Good The Bad No gains for women Limited economic gains • Citizenship rights • Political gains • Establishment of schools

  10. 2. The Compromise of 1877

  11. The Election of 1876 • Rutherford Hayes (Republican) vs. Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat) • Final vote was disputed • Hayes and Tilden agreed on the Compromise of 1877: • Hayes would become president • Federal troops would withdraw from the South

  12. Results of the Compromise of 1877 • Southern governments stopped protecting civil rights • Democrats returned to power in Southern states • Effectively ended Reconstruction • Beginning of Jim Crow

  13. 3. The Emergence of Jim Crow

  14. Economic Inequality • Former slaves were uneducated and landless • Slavery replaced by sharecropping • Families borrowed plots of land and tools from landowners • Paid rent with a share of their crop

  15. Laws • Passed by states, cities, and towns • Segregation laws • Voting restrictions • Literacy tests • Poll taxes • Grandfather clauses

  16. Customs • Widespread stereotypes • Blacks expected to act inferior at all times • Some examples: • Names and titles • No social interaction as equals • Black men and white women kept apart

  17. Violence • Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups • Targeted blacks and white supporters of civil rights • Intimidation • Lynchings

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