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Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth

Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth. Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1. 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki 3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal. CONTENTS.

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Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth

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  1. Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth Risto Sievänen1 Eero Nikinmaa2 Christian Messier3 Jari Perttunen1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki 3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal

  2. CONTENTS • Functional-structural tree models • The Model LIGNUM • Some Applications • Conclusions

  3. Process-based models • Vegetative and reproductive growth • Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon allocation • Mineral metabolism, especially nitrogen metabolism • Growth regulations • Intra-tree transfer of metabolites

  4. Morphological models • L-systems • Other mathematical presentations of branching systems

  5. Here comes a pictrue from Algorithmic beauty of plants

  6. Process-based model  Morphological model = Functional-structural model (FSM)

  7. Features of a FSM • A basic unit is used for presentation of both architecture and functioning (metabolism) • These units are combined to form different organisational levels • Local control

  8. LIGNUM: General features • Simple structural units account for both structure and functioning of trees. • Annual net production is used to new growth. • Pipe model and functional balance for partitioning of growth. • Time step one growth period (one year).

  9. LIGNUM: The structure

  10. LIGNUM: Tree Segment for deciduous trees

  11. LIGNUM: Releasing suppressed buds

  12. LIGNUM: Carbon balance

  13. LIGNUM: Length of new segments

  14. LIGNUM: New buds

  15. LIGNUM: The Radiation Submodel (self shading) Shading Shaded

  16. Scots pine • Scots pine and Jack pine the first two tree species implemented. • Proved the modeling approach feasible. • Modeled (published) trees 10 years old.

  17. Sugar maple • Study the survival and growth of sugar maple saplings in forest gaps. • Cutting guidelines for natural regeneration of sugar maple: • Size of the canopy openings • Frequency of cuttings

  18. Three 5 year old saplings in St-Hilaire L = 2.84m L = 2.43m L = 1.37m Closed Gap Released Zenith Open Gap

  19. Gliricidia sepium • Nitrogen fixing tropical tree species used in agroforestry. • Study the optimal management (frequency of cuttings).

  20. Mountain birch • Structural analysis of mountain birch • Based on detailed measurements done in Finnish Lapland

  21. Analysis of Sapflow

  22. Concluding Remarks • To be added

  23. www.metla.fi/projects/lignum

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