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Impulses for “Perspectives on work“ The entrepeneurial spirit & new schools. CLUSTER IV Alternative forms of work & the challenge of unemployment Day 1. What is entrepreneurship?. Start a new venture-creating work Responsible for the risk taking
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Impulses for “Perspectives on work“The entrepeneurial spirit & new schools CLUSTER IV Alternative forms of work & the challenge of unemployment Day 1
What is entrepreneurship? • Start a new venture-creating work • Responsible for the risk taking • Less entrepreneurial spirit in EU than in USA • EU is not homogenous
What explains differences in entrepreneurial spirit? • Risk aversion • Culture • Low tolerance of failure • Institutions (Tax, opportunity costs of employment, Start-up costs) • Role model & exposure to business
Is entrepreneurship a viable solution to unemployment? Prevention/fighting unemployment & creating jobs • Entrepreneurship is ONLY part of the solution to unemployment • Not everybody can be an entrepreneur • Different desires, ability and skills • Sustainable traits • Socially desirable
How to encourage sustainable entrepreneurship? • Education • Awareness of what a business is • Promote spirit with social responsibility • Example: “Make your mark with a tenner” • Have a choice and awareness • Encourage start-ups in the final years of education
Moving from prevention to fighting unemployment • Microfinance (create team/group approach) • Start-up costs • Transition costs /secure subsistence As a way of exiting unemployment and creating jobs • Second chance programs with start-up focus • One-stop support centre's (vulnerable groups; risk pooling) • Competitive grants (can be part regional support, performance based, may incl. artisan projects, creativity, etc., sustainability)
Unleash the spirit at work • Workers no longer required to leave brain at the gates • Engage in innovation and improvement • Decentralisation of responsibilities, • Matched by decentralized control
New Schools? • Provide incentives to improve education performance (select & keep the best teachers) • Increase competition among teachers • Assessment systems (standardized testing) • Hire/fire (address mismatch) • Not loose sight of the social status/ reputation • Involvement of society (parents, business) • School as communal meeting place
What educational organizations can and should do • Teach basic, soft and job search skills • Review the curriculum • Improving job matching information systems • Help in regional labor market analysis • Exposure/interaction with professionals • Including internships and research projects (€) • Modern apprenticeship • Assistance after graduation (incl. information sharing/networking with other graduates)
The end THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Impulses for “Perspectives on work“Risk Groups CLUSTER IV Alternative forms of work & the challenge of unemployment Day 2.5
Outline Identifying Risks group Place in labor market Policies reviewed
Identifying Risks group • Age (Young, Old) • Health (disability) • Skills (Low skills) • Gender • Care (Parents, Lone parents, other care responsibilities) • Origin (native, migrant) • Ethnicity (Race, religion, believes) • Sexual Orientation
Active labor market measures Unemployment Inactivity (invulnerable) Employment • Low Wage • Insecure (short-term, outsourcing, etc.) • Discrimination Discouraged job-seekers • Low skilled • Migrants • Ethnic Minorities • Young/ Elderly • Parents • Lone parents • Other reasons • Forced early retirement • Stimulate Corporate Social Responsibility • Job-search help training • Child care allowance • Pro-active policies (disabled/ low skilled, Maternity leave etc.) Non-discrimination provisions
Employment Policies reviewed One-stop Centre for benefits/ employment information XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI Integration centers for migrants XEUI Child care facilities XEU Certificate Acquired knowledge XEUI XEUI XEUI Education Bank XUI XUI XUI Start-up assistance XEUI XEUI XEUI Flexible Jobs XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI Public Procurement/ social clause XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI XEUI Social Certificate XUI XUI XUI XUI XUI XUI XUI Transition into work with benefits XEUI Enforcement of accessibility requirements XEUI Education/ health of illegal migrant children Unemployed Inactive* Policies Age Health Skills Gender Care Origin Ethnicity