Alliances and World War 2

1. Alliances and World War 2 The Logistics Ms. Maharaj

2. The War: Year by Year • World war 2 lasted 6 years (1939-1945) • It was fought in Europe, North Africa, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans • Germany signs a non aggression pact secretly with the Soviet Union (1939) • They SHARE the invasion of Poland • Germany invades Poland • War is finally and officially declared on Germany • 2 alliance systems exist

3. Germany signs a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union The Axis Countries/Alliances The Allied Forces Alliance

4. The German Strategy • Hitler aligns with Mussolini (same ideas) • After the NAP, Hitler invades Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium and finally France (1940) • The Axis powers are dominating, the allied powers are worried • Germany launches mass air attacks on British cities (Battle of Britain) • Hitler breaks his NAP with the Soviet Union and attacks major cities like Moscow (1941) • Hitler only used the Soviet for his short term goals  • Allies launched the attack on Dieppe later that year (August 1941) • Japan then attacks Pearl Harbour in Hawaii to send a message to the Americans to stay out of the fight! (December) • It doesn’t work! The Americans join the war in 1941 after the attack

5. War at Sea • Canada goes to war in 1939 • Navy (sea army) was very important • Food and military supplies were being shipped to Europe to support troops • Germany surrounded Britain (an island) with submarines • These were called U-boats They would advance in “wolf packs” Why?

6. The Battle of the Atlantic War at sea in the Atlantic Ocean Canadian navy ships sailed in groups too called CONVOYS They did this to fight in groups- strength in numbers AGAINST the Wolf Packs

8. Video 1 : Convoy: War in the Atlantic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNV4IBWMfNA

9. War on Canadian Shores In 1942 alone, the wolf pacts sank 1164 ships Many ships were sunk right on Canadian waters: the opening of the St. Lawrence River and in waters surrounding Nova Scotia

10. US/Canadian Strategy • Finally realizing the location of Nova Scotia as an asset (positive thing)- military bases were set up in Newfoundland and NS as well • 1943 saw an improvement of convoy strategy and the u-boats weren’t as successful • The U-boats began to retreat, supplies began to flow towards the Allied forces in Europe • PM of Britain Winston Churchill felt that victory was near

11. War on Land By June 1940, Britain was the only major power in Europe that Germany didn’t control Canada and Australia (allies) had an important role to play The Battle of Dieppe (RAID) happened in 1942 • French coastal town of Dieppe • Goal of the attack was to TEST the Germans on their coastal defense • Great failure for Canadians and British, many died • Activity: I am going to show you a picture: Why did the RAID FAIL?

12. Tanks of the allies couldn’t go over the rocky shore line of Dieppe • Dieppe was very cliff like, Germans saw them coming from the sea before they could spot them hiding

13. Lessons LEARNT! -Dieppe was a huge failure, but valuable lessons were learnt -Locations chosen for invasions from that point on were done on flat areas, where hidden cliffs were not used as hide outs Video 2: The Dieppe Massacre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQhPjKet4II

14. War in the Pacific (Ocean) • Japan had been at war with its Neighbours since 1937 (China)

15. Japan joined the Axis alliances in 1939 • Canadian soldiers were quickly sent to Hong Kong (a British Colony) so that they could defend it against Japan’s possible invasion • About 14000 troops were sent to HK in anticipation of Japanese attack • On Dec. 8th Japan attacked (1941) • 17 days to capture HK • 290 Canadians were killed and 493 injured • Many of the soldiers were taken as prisoners (POW= prisoners of war

17. Activities • 1--Mapping the Alliances • 2-Sorting the Alliances