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Bacteria are the oldest, the simplest, and the most numerous forms of life.

Bacteria are the oldest, the simplest, and the most numerous forms of life. Bacteria were here 3.5 billion years ago. Most dairy products are made by or with the help of bacteria. Some dairy foods are cheese, buttermilk, yogurt, and sour cream. Bacteria Basics.

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Bacteria are the oldest, the simplest, and the most numerous forms of life.

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  1. Bacteria are the oldest, the simplest, and the most numerous forms of life.

  2. Bacteria were here 3.5 billion years ago.

  3. Most dairy products are made by or with the help of bacteria. Some dairy foods are cheese, buttermilk, yogurt, and sour cream.

  4. BacteriaBasics • Different bacteria inhabit virtually all environments, including soil, water, organic matter, and the bodies of eukaryotes (multicellular animals).

  5. BacteriaBasics • Some bacteria are known to be beneficial to humans and the higher animals, while many others (pathogenic ones) are harmful.

  6. BacteriaBasics • Bacteria are the chief cause of infectious diseases in humans.

  7. BacteriaBasics • There are seven different kinds of bacteria on a locker room shower floor. • On a movie theater seat and a school lunch table there are five different kinds of bacteria.

  8. prokaryotic cells • If you lined 10,000 bacteria up, side by side, it would only make up 2.5 centimeters of space

  9. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus or RAG-1bacteria, scientists are discovering, can even help to break down oil to make clean-up after an oil spill easier.

  10. What kingdom are bacteria in?

  11. What kingdom are bacteria in? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

  12. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA • The prefix archae - comes from the Greek Word "ANCIENT".  • Modern Archaebacteria MAY BE directly descended from and very similar to the first organisms on Earth.  • They are UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES • Some are AUTOTROPHIC, producing food by CHEMOSYNTHESIS. • Most are HETEROTROPHIC.  • Many Archaebacteria LIVE in HARSH ENVIRONMENTS such as sulfurous hot springs, very salty lakes, and in ANAEROBIC environments, such as the intestines of mammals.

  13. The kingdom Archaebacteria • Methanogens: oxygen is a poison to these bacteria, so they must live in anaerobic conditions. They produce energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas.

  14. The kingdom Archaebacteria 2. Extreme Halophiles: these "salt-loving" bacteria live in environments with a very high salt concentration that would kill most other bacteria. Extreme halophiles use salt to generate ATP for energy.

  15. California's Pink Salt Lakes • A Strange Phenomenon Caused By Red Haloacteria

  16. The kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Thermoacidophiles: these bacteria live in extremely acidic environments (pH less than 2) that have extremely high temperatures (up to 110o C). These bacteria live in environments like the geothermal springs at Yellowstone National Park.

  17. KingdomEubacteria • The eu part of Eubacteria means "TRUE".  • They are UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES.  • Most of the bacteria in your life are members of the Kingdom Eubacteria.  • Eubacteria are both AUTOTROPHS and HETEROTROPHS. • Includes the disease-causing bacteria. These bacteria are commonly referred to as germs.

  18. The kingdom Eubacteria • This kingdom contains most of the world's bacteria, divided into as many as 12 different phyla based on their evolutionary relationships.

  19. The kingdom Eubacteria • This kingdom contains most of the world's bacteria, divided into as many as 12 different phyla based on their evolutionary relationships. • Representatives of this kingdom are the most widely distributed organisms known to man.

  20. The kingdom Eubacteria • This kingdom contains most of the world's bacteria, divided into as many as 12 different phyla based on their evolutionary relationships. • Representatives of this kingdom are the most widely distributed organisms known to man. • While they are most abundant in temperate environments, (normal human body temperature is perfect for bacterial growth), some species are known to live in environments ranging from temperatures near the boiling point of water to well below the freezing point of water.

  21. E. coli • The rod-shaped bacteria pictured is Escherichia coli, a bacteria commonly found in the human digestive system.

  22. Vaccination • Doctors and scientists have figured out how to use dead or weakened bacteria to prevent other bacterial diseases. This process is called vaccination. • Vaccination has helped us all become a lot healthier then we were a hundred years ago. • Bacteria also make, or help to make, drugs, hormones, or antibodies.

  23. Eubacteria are classified by Shape: • Cocci - round bacterial cells. • Bacilli - rod-shaped bacterial cells. • Spirilli - spiral-shaped bacterial cells.

  24. Shape

  25. Eubacteria are classified by: Clustering: • diplo - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate pairing of cells.

  26. Eubacteria are classified by: Clustering: • diplo - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate pairing of cells. • strepto - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate filaments.

  27. Eubacteria are classified by: Clustering: • diplo - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate pairing of cells. • strepto - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate filaments. • staphylo - a prefix used with the shape name to indicate clusters.

  28. Clustering:

  29. Eubacteria are classified by: Respiration: • Obligate anaerobes - cannot survive in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.

  30. Eubacteria are classified by: Respiration: • Obligate anaerobes - cannot survive in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. • Facultative anaerobes - can live with or without atmospheric oxygen.

  31. Eubacteria are classified by: Respiration: • Obligate anaerobes - cannot survive in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. • Facultative anaerobes - can live with or without atmospheric oxygen. • Obligate aerobes - cannot survive without atmospheric oxygen.

  32. LEPROSY

  33. LEPROSY

  34. Botox Before and After Pictures • Botox injection contains Clostridium botulism • Botulism toxin type A is a bacterial toxin that prevents nerves from functioning normally (a neurotoxin).

  35. Botox Before and After Pictures

  36. Botox Before and After Pictures

  37. Gram Stain: • Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptide layer, retain the crystal violet, and appear purple when viewed under a microscope.

  38. Gram Stain: • Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptide layer, retain the crystal violet, and appear purple when viewed under a microscope. • Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptide layer, take up the pink stain, and appear pink when viewed under a microscope.

  39. Gram Stain: • Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptide layer, retain the crystal violet, and appear purple when viewed under a microscope. • Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptide layer, take up the pink stain, and appear pink when viewed under a microscope. • Many antibiotics have no effect on gram-negative bacteria.

  40. http://www.buddycom.com/bacteria/bacteria.html

  41. Staphylococcal skin infections http://www.dermnetnz.org/index.html

  42. Bacteria:single-cell organisms with no nucleus (prokaryotes).

  43. Parts of a bacteria cell • Cell wall - some rigid and others flexible. • Cell membrane - same as other cells. • Cytoplasm - same as other cells. • DNA - a single, circular chromosome located in the cytoplasm. Remember, bacteria cells do not have a nucleus. • Capsule - a thick, gel-like, protective coating on some bacteria cells. • Pili - short, hairlike protein structures on the surface of some bacteria that help them stick to host cells. • Flagella - long protein structures that turn to propel some bacteria cells.

  44. Nutrition • Most are heterotrophic - use food produced by other organisms. • Bacteria that feed on dead or decaying organic matter are heterotrophic bacteria called saprophytes.

  45. Nutrition • Most are heterotrophic - use food produced by other organisms. • Bacteria that feed on dead or decaying organic matter are heterotrophic bacteria called saprophytes. • Some are autotrophic - able to produce their own food. • Photoautotrophs - use sunlight as a source of energy like plants. • Chemoautotrophs - use energy from chemical reactions to make their food.

  46. What shape?

  47. What shape?

  48. Antibiotic Resistance • Is due largely to the increasing use of antibiotics. • Tuberculosis, gonorrhea, malaria, and childhood ear infections are just a few of the diseases that have become hard to treat with antibiotic drugs. • Part of the problem is that bacteria and other microorganisms that cause infections are remarkably resilient and can develop ways to survive drugs meant to kill or weaken them. Why????

  49. Food-producing animals are given antibiotic drugs for important therapeutic, disease prevention or production reasons, these drugs can cause microbes to become resistant to drugs used to treat human illness, ultimately making some human sicknesses harder to treat. • About 70 percent of bacteria that cause infections in hospitals are resistant to at least one of the drugs most commonly used to treat infections. • Some organisms are resistant to all approved antibiotics and must be treated with experimental and potentially toxic drugs.

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