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Chapter 28 Genitourinary Conditions

Chapter 28 Genitourinary Conditions. Facilitating Genitourinary Health. Good fluid intake Maintenance of an acidic urine Activity Frequent toileting Annual GYN exam for older women and annual PSA testing for older men Testicular self-examination for men. Types of Urinary Incontinence.

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Chapter 28 Genitourinary Conditions

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  1. Chapter 28Genitourinary Conditions

  2. Facilitating Genitourinary Health • Good fluid intake • Maintenance of an acidic urine • Activity • Frequent toileting • Annual GYN exam for older women and annual PSA testing for older men • Testicular self-examination for men

  3. Types of Urinary Incontinence • Stress • Urgency • Neurogenic • Functional • Mixed

  4. Factors to Assess for Incontinence • Medical history • Medications • Functional status • Cognition • Neuromuscular function in lower extremity • Urinary control and retention • Bladder fullness and pain

  5. Factors to Assess for Incontinence (cont.) • Elimination pattern • Fecal impaction • Symptoms • Diet • Reactions to incontinence

  6. Measures to Improve Urinary Functioning • Stress Incontinence • Kegel exercises, biofeedback, and medications (e.g., estrogen, anticholinergics) • Urgency Incontinence • Adherence to a toileting schedule, Kegel exercises, biofeedback, and medications (e.g., anticholinergics, adrenergic antagonists)

  7. Measures to Improve Urinary Functioning (cont.) • Overflow Incontinence • Adherence to a toileting schedule, the use of the Crede method, intermittent catheterization, and medications (e.g., parasympathomimetics) • Functional Incontinence • Improvement of mobility; provision of a bedside commode

  8. Risk Factors and Symptoms of Bladder Cancer • Risk Factors • Bladder irritation • Cigarette smoking • Symptoms • Painless hematuria • Frequency

  9. Risk Factors for Renal Calculi • Immobility • Infection • Dehydration • Hypercalcemia

  10. Symptoms of Renal Calculi • Pain • Hematuria • Symptoms of UTI

  11. Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis • Fever • Headache • Altered mental status • Anorexia • Edema

  12. Treatment of Glomerulonephritis • Antibiotics • Restricted sodium and protein diet • Close attention to fluid intake and output

  13. Treatment of Valvulitis • Treat and manage any underlying cause. • Maintain good nutritional status helps improve the condition. • Use sitz baths and local applications of saline compresses or steroid creams. • Keep the incontinent patient clean and dry as much as possible.

  14. Postmenopausal Changes Affecting the Vaginal Canal • Reduction in collagen and adipose tissue • Shortening and narrowing of the vaginal canal • Decreased elasticity • Less vaginal lubrication • A more alkaline vaginal pH as a result of lower estrogen levels

  15. Symptoms and Treatment of Cervical Cancer • Symptoms • Vaginal bleeding • Leukorrhea • Pain does not usually occur. • Urinary retention or incontinence, fecal incontinence, and uremia • Treatment • Radium or surgery

  16. Factors Influencing the Incidence of Cancer of the Endometrium • Obesity • Diabetes • Hypertension

  17. Symptoms of Problems of Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries • Early symptoms are nonspecific. • Later symptoms include: • Bleeding • Ascites • Masses

  18. Common Types of Herniation • Cystocele • Rectocele • Prolapse of the uterus

  19. Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia • Dysuria • Hesitancy • Frequency • Nocturia • Poor urinary control

  20. Late Symptoms of Prostate Cancer • Back pain • Anemia • Weakness • Weight loss

  21. Palliative Treatment of Prostate Cancer • Irradiation • Transurethral surgery • Orchiectomy • Estrogens

  22. Source • Eliopoulos, C. (2005).  Gerontological Nursing, (6th ed.).  Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins (ISBN 0-7817-4428-8).

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