A case study to develop District Irrigation Plan (Alwar district of Rajasthan)

1. A case study to develop District Irrigation Plan (Alwar district of Rajasthan)

2. District Irrigation plans (DIPs) for implementation of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinhchayee Yojana (PMKSY) • District information • Agro-climatic data • Socio-economic status • Demography • Water resources and water demand • Command area (Canal / drain network, delineation) • Water balance and rainfall-runoff potential • Water bodies • Water Users Associations, Pani Panchayats etc.

3. General information 270 4' and 280 4' North Latitudes and 760 7' and 770 13' East Longitude at 250 Amsl 7,83,281 ha (2.5 % of the State) 12 sub-divisions, 16 tehsils, 14 panchayat samiti, 1946 inhabited village, 45 un-inhabited villages with 9 towns Agro Ecological Sub Region (Northern plain including Aravallis, Hot Semi-Arid) Agro-Climatic Zone (Central plateau and Hills Region). Alluvial soils with high fertility Av. rainfall (1957- 2010) : 611 mm Annual PET : 1780 mm

4. Demography • 36,71,999 year 2011 census • (77th in India out of a total of 640) • Population density- 438 inhabitants per square km • Population growth rate - 22.7 % • Sex ratio - 894 females for every 1000 males • Literacy rate - 71.68% • 82% of the farmers come under small (1-2 ha) and marginal • (<1 ha) land holding categories • Five rivers but deforestation and mining activities dried them

5. Major soil type and their spatial distribution Land utilization pattern Older Alluvial Soils - 4309.36 km2 (51.78 %), Red gravelly soil - 2829.46 km2 (34 %) and Red sandy soil - 1184.15 km2 (14.23 %)

6. Climate: Semi-arid, very hot in summer and extremely cold in winter

7. Ground water resources • Main sources of irrigation are wells and tube wells • 26064 tube wells and 57196 wells • Rates of ground water decline were maximum (pre-monsoon season 1.88 • m/year and post monsoon -1.38 m/year) in Behror block

8. Crop health and seasonal progress are analyzed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

9. Irrigated area with different sources of irrigation Net irrigated area : 445339 ha Gross irrigated area : 481307 ha Rainfed area : 331566 ha

10. Water requirement of Cotton (lts/plant/day) Water requirement of Onion (lts/sq.m/day)

11. Crop wise area (irrigated and rainfed) and water demand estimation

12. Domestic water demand • Rural • 70 lpcd in DDP Blocks of Rajasthan • 40 lpcd in non-DDP Blocks • Urban • 135 lpcd (population > 20,000) • 100 lpcd (population < 20,000) MORD, Govt. of India, considering 15 lpcd extra demand in Urban areas for sewerage in the major towns having population more than 5.0 lakhs

13. Livestock Animal Lpcd Cows 65 Buffaloes 65 Sheep 6 Goats 5 Horses 60 Asses 60 Camels 65 Pigs 17 Ducks 3 Rabbits 0.3 Elephants 150 Poultry 0.25 Livestock population - 56.59 million Wildlife : 1 % of the livestock

14. Industrial • Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation (RIICO) have assessed industrial water demand of 11.22 m3 per ha per day of industrial area developed * NIDC – National Industrial Development Corporation ** MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development Source: N.I.D.C. - MOUD

15. Institutional water demand

16. Water demand for power generation • Water requirements of conventional thermal power station (TPS) amount to between 2.5 and 4.5 M m3/ year per 100 MW for different types and sizes of plants. • Gas based TPP the water requirement remains between 2.5 to 5.6 M m3/ year per 100 MW. • Consumptive use of water in nuclear power stations is about 3 M m3 / year

17. Total water demand Total ground water draft : 1331. 7 Mm3

18. Options for increasing the irrigation potential/ irrigated area- • Creation of water sources • Water conveyance and water distribution network • Renovation of defunct water bodies, water harvesting • structures • Major, medium and minor irrigation works under • command area / watershed basis • In situ water conservation structures • Efficient water application system • Mechanization

19. Creation of water resources (i). Runoff potential generated from different Tehsils

20. Water loss through seepage i.e. 1.21 to 10.54 cumecs / million sqm from • heavy clay loam to porous gravelly soils

21. Pond Check dam

22. Water conveyance system Wastage occurring through conveyance varied from 30- 35% • Use of HDPE and PVC pipes (10 % loss in conveyance ) • Savings in water : 234.308 M m3

23. Laser Leveling Time - 9 h/ha Cost - Rs. 4500/= ha

24. Laser Leveling Onion Increase in yield : 22.7 % Water saving : 20 %

25. Wheat Increase in yield : 25 % Water saving : 30 %

26. Drip irrigation system for homestead / commercial cultivation Bucket kit in bottle gourd Bucket kit in ridge gourd The drip system operates by gravity from a bucket of 25 litre capacity placed at 1 to 1.5 m height. About 25 to 50 plants of vegetables can be irrigated by using the single system The cost of this system varies from Rs. 750 to Rs. 1000/= per unit Different bucket kits produced 150 kg of bottle gourd, 90 kg of bitter gourd, 75 kg of okra in one season (March to June)

27. Layout for design of the system

29. Performance of Micro irrigation in Tomato crop

30. Performance of Micro irrigation in onion crop

31. Performance of Micro irrigation in cotton crop

32. Technological interventions

33. Expected expenditure

34. Expected expenditure Average water demand : 2402 m3 per ha Savings of water: 490.94 M m3 Additional rainfed area can be brought under irrigation = 2,04,388.0 ha (37.8 % area) Total expenditure: 683.33 crores

35. Thanks for your kind attention