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PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE:

PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE:. EFFECT OF LIMING, NPK FERTILIZATION AND MANURE APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF SOYABEAN GROWN IN ACID SOIL. NAME : HILLARY M. OMONDI OTIENO REG. NO .: A22/0013/2009 SUPERVISORS : DR. GEORGE CHEMININGWA Dept. Plant Science and Crop Protection

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PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE:

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  1. PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE: EFFECT OF LIMING, NPK FERTILIZATION AND MANURE APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF SOYABEAN GROWN IN ACID SOIL. NAME: HILLARY M. OMONDI OTIENO REG. NO.: A22/0013/2009 SUPERVISORS: • DR. GEORGE CHEMININGWA Dept. Plant Science and Crop Protection 2. DR. SHAMIE ZINGORE IPNI Regional Director, African

  2. INTRODUCTION • Soyabean: family is Fabaceae, genus Glycine and species G. max. It is one of the most important crops in the world. • Global productivity is 95.2M ha=212.6M tons out of which Africa accounts for only 0.4-1%. Nigeria leads in Africa with 48.9% while Kenya accounts for less than 0.1% of Africa's production(FAO, 2009). • The crop is rich in protein-food especially weaning babies(Annan et al, 2003). and feeds for animals; improves soil fertility through BNF; controls weeds egstriga (Adelodun, 2011); oil and biofuel production; development of agro-based industries.

  3. PRODUCTION CHALLENGES • Competition from imports of other edible oil sources such as palm. • Lack of sub-sector policy within the agriculture sector that specifically deals with edible oil sources soyabean included. • Inconsistent supply of high yielding and promiscuous soybean varieties that can fix enough atmospheric nitrogen without the need for artificial supply of Rhizobium bacteria through inoculation. • Declining soil fertility due to low soil pH that affects nodulation and nutrient availability.

  4. PROBLEM STATEMENT • Continuous cultivation without nutrient replenishment; Poor agronomic practices; and Leaching. • All leading to: Nutrient depletion; Nutrient unavailability; Accumulation of Al3+ and Mn2+ which lower soil pH beyond tolerable levels. • Hence, hinder BNF and general soyabean productivity. The overall effect is low production, use of scarce financial resources to import seed oil, soil infertility and food insecurity.

  5. PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION • Soyabean being a high value and multipurpose crop, a strategy is thus required to raise the soil pH to levels conducive for its production and provide adequate nutrients for enhanced soyabean productivity.

  6. OBJECTIVES • General objective To develop nutrient management options for enhancing growth and nodulation of soyabean in acidic soils. • Specific objectives • To investigate the synergistic effects of lime, NPK and manure application on growth and nodulation soyabean grown in acidic soils. • To determine the effect of lime and manure application on acidic soils. • To assess the effect of low soil pH on soyabean growth and nutrient uptake.

  7. HYPOTHESES Specific hypotheses stated in null form • Lime, NPK and manure application have no synergistic effect on growth and nodulation of soyabean. • Lime and manure application have no effect on acidic soils. • Low soil pH has no effect on growth of and nutrient uptake by soyabean.

  8. MATERIALS AND METHODS • Experimental site: Greenhouse pot experiment at CAVS-UoN field station. • Soil source: Two locations, Eshirale and Masaba from Kakamega county, ButereMumias district. • TREATMENTS T1- Control; T2- NPK at 20kgN/ha, 30kgP/ha and 60kgK/ha from, urea, TSP and MOP respectively; T3- Manure(10t/ha); T4- Lime(5t/ha); T5- NPK + Manure; T6- NPK + Lime; T7- Lime + Manure; T8- Manure + lime + NPK.

  9. MATERIALS AND METHODS CONT…. • Soil sampling: 5 samples at a depth 0-15cm will be collected from each site in a W manner then bulked for the site. Soils will then be air-dried, screened through 0.5cm sieve(Fageria, 2005), mixed with the treatments and then filled into the pots, each 4kg of soil. • Planting: 3 seeds per pot uniformly spread and covered with soil. • Watering: At least twice a day to maintain the soil at field capacity. • Weed control: Mannual by uprooting the seedlings soon as they emerge.

  10. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN • Pots arrangement: Perpendicular to the path of the sun in the greenhouse. • Layout of the experiment: Randomized complete block design. • One Block

  11. DATA TO BE COLLECTED • The data to be collected are: • Time of emergence. • Leaf surface area at 50-60% flowering. • Plant heights at 50-60% flowering. • Plant tissue analysis for NPK 50-60% flowering • Soil pH at end of the experiment. • Nodulation at 50-60% flowering; • Number of nodules per plant, • Fresh and dry weights of nodules per plant.

  12. DATA ANALYSIS • Data entry: Raw data will be keyed in Microsoft excel computer package. • Data analysis: Data will be subjected to ANOVA at p=0.05 using GenStat computer software 13th Edition (SP2). Means will then be compared using Duncan's multiple-range test at p=0.05. EXPECTED OUTPUTS • Special project report.

  13. REFERENCES • Adelodun Kolapo (2011). Soybean: Africa's Potential Cinderella Food Crop, Soybean - Biochemistry,Chemistry and Physiology, Prof. Tzi-Bun Ng (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-219-7. • Chianu Jonas N and Bernard Vanlauwe. 2006. “Soybean: a new role in western Kenya”. Highlights CIAT in Africa, No. 35 June 2006. • M. Johnston and D. Askin. 2005.Container Grown Experiments. • Singh, B. B. and J. P. Jones. 1976. P sorption and adsorption characteristics of soils as affected by organic residues. Soil science soc. Am. J. 40: 389-394 • Louis McDonald. November, 2005. Land Reclamation: Liming Principles and Lime Products; Extension Services West Virginia University. • N. K. Fageria (2005): Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Research Under Controlled Conditions: Basic Principles and Methodology. • Gibson, A.H. & Harper, J.E. (1985). Nitrate effect on nodulation of soybean by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Crop Science, 25, 497-501. • FAO, 2012. FAOSTAT Accessed on http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx in December 2012. • http://www.ncsoy.org/ABOUT-SOYBEANS/Growing-Soybeans.aspx in January 2013.

  14. BUDGET

  15. WORKPLAN

  16. *********END********* THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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