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K INTERACTION WITH OTHER IONS Andreas Gransee K+S KALI GmbH Germany

K INTERACTION WITH OTHER IONS Andreas Gransee K+S KALI GmbH Germany. Fertilizers. Manures. Plant. Potassium cycle in the soil-plant system. NH 4 +. Native/Matrix K. Non-exchangable K. Exchangable K. Soil solution. Fast. Slow. Very Long Term.

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K INTERACTION WITH OTHER IONS Andreas Gransee K+S KALI GmbH Germany

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  1. K INTERACTION WITH OTHER IONS Andreas Gransee K+S KALI GmbH Germany

  2. Fertilizers Manures Plant Potassium cycle in the soil-plant system NH4+ Native/Matrix K Non-exchangable K Exchangable K Soil solution Fast Slow Very Long Term 6-45 300-1 600 3 000-11 000 20 000-120 000 Kg K2O in the soil

  3. Nitrogen uptake of the plant Ammonium NH4+ Nitrate NO3-

  4. Trend of wheat yields in Germany (in dt/ha) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

  5. Nitrogen : Potash Ratio 2001 (Nitrogen = 100) Potash 40 39 Nitrogen 20 17 12 North America Western Africa East Asia South Asia Europe Quelle: FAO

  6. K balance in Germany und France in t K2O 2,000,000 Potash removal Potash fertilization 1,500,000 Recovarable organic manure Balance 1,000,000 500,000 0 Germany France -500,000 Source: PPI, FAO, EFMA, K+S

  7. Experimental data Soil Luvic Phaeozem Ct 1.5 % Nt 0.12% Rainfall 466 mm per year Crop rotation maize - wheat - sugar beets- barley Potassium fertilization K0 no K fertilization since 1949 K4 160 kg K (cereals) per year 320 kg K (sugar beets) per year

  8. Pot experiment Plastic containers filled with 1.5 kg of K0 or K4 soil resp. N fertilization: 75 mg (NH4 )2SO4 and (15NH4 )2SO4 barley 4 replications harvest after 3 and 6 weeks

  9. Nt and 15N content in the soil after 3 and 6 weeks 120 5 4.5 100 4 3.5 80 3 60 2.5 2 40 1.5 1 20 0.5 0 0 K0 3 weeks K0 6 weeks K4 3 weeks K4 6 weeks Nt 15N

  10. Nt and 15N content in the shoots after 3 and 6 weeks 100% 3 80% 0.9 60% 2.4 0.7 40% 2.2 0.4 20% 1.8 0.3 0% 14N 15N K0 3 weeks K0 6 weeks K4 3 weeks K4 6 weeks

  11. Nitrogen concentrations in various soil fractions 5 0.7 0.6 4 0.5 3 0.4 0.3 2 0.2 1 0.1 0 0 K0 3 weeks K0 3 weeks K4 3 weeks K4 6 weeks Bulk soil Clay minerals

  12. Nt content in the clay mineral fraction 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 K0 3 weeks K0 6 weeks K4 3 weeks K4 6 weeks

  13. Influence of K fertilization on the N uptake of Triticale N application 185 kg N/ha 200 74% 64% 150 63% 57% N uptake in kg N/ha 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 K application in kg K2O/ha

  14. Thank you for your attention!

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