What are cells made of?

1. The World of Cells 1 What are cells made of?

2. The World of Cells 1 Organelles

3. The World of Cells 1 The Nucleus • In the cells of organisms except bacteria, the hereditary material is in an organelle called the nucleus (NEW klee us).

4. The World of Cells 1 The Nucleus • Inside the nucleus are chromosomes (KROH muh zohmz). • Chromosomes contain an important chemical called DNA. It determines which traits an organism will have.

5. nucleus • Controls all cell activities • Has heredity information in chromosomes and DNA

6. The World of Cells 1 Energy and the Cell • Cells, except bacteria, have organelles called mitochondria (mi tuh KAHN dree uh). • An important process called cellular respiration takes place inside a mitochondrion.

7. mitochondria • Turns food into energy

8. The World of Cells 1 Storage • In cells, food, water, and other substances are stored in balloonlike organelles in the cytoplasm called vacuoles (VA kyuh wohlz). • Some vacuoles store wastes until the cell is ready to get rid of them.

9. vacuole • Storage • Holds water and disposes wastes

10. The World of Cells 1 Inside the Cell • The inside of a cell is filled with a gelatinlike substance called cytoplasm (SI tuh pla zum). • Approximately two-thirds of the cytoplasm is water, but it also contains many chemicals that are needed by the cell.

11. cytoplasm • Gel-like substance • Has water and important chemicals

12. chromosomes • In nucleus • has heredity information-DNA

13. The World of Cells 1 Outside the Cell • The cell membrane is a flexible structure that holds the cell together. • The cell membrane forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

14. Cell membrane • Surrounds cell • Controls what passes in and out of cell

15. The World of Cells 1 Nature's Solar Energy Factories • Most photosynthesis in plants occurs in leaf cells. • Inside these cells are green organelles called chloroplasts(KLOR uh plats).

16. The World of Cells 1 Nature's Solar Energy Factories • Animals obtain food from their surroundings. • Plants, algae, and many types of bacteria make food through a process called photosynthesis(foh toh SIHN thuh sus).

17. The World of Cells 1 Nature's Solar Energy Factories • During plant photosynthesis chloroplasts capture light energy and combine carbon dioxide from the air with water to make food. • As the plant needs energy, its mitochondria release the food's energy.

18. chloroplast • Conducts photosynthesis • Found mostly in leaf cells • Contains chlorophyll-green color

19. The World of Cells 1 Outside the Cell • Some cells also have a structure outside the cell membrane called a cell wall. • The cell wall helps support and protect these cells.

20. Cell wall • Provides support and protection • Plant cell only

21. Plant cells vs. animal cells

22. The World of Cells 1 Organelles • Except for bacterial cells, cells contain organelles(or guh NELZ). • These specialized cell parts can move around in the cytoplasm and perform activities that are necessary for life.

23. organelles • Parts of the cell that have a specific job • Inside the cell in the cytoplasm

24. Organelles • Not organelles