Chapter 2 - Investigating Geologic Questions

1. Chapter 2 - Investigating Geologic Questions The earth and its surroundings are full of mysteries. The object of science is to solve those mysteries and help human-kind. Can you name any earth mysteries? What causes . . .

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3. Can you name any earth mysteries? Earthquakes Volcanoes Tsunami Flooding

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5. Can you name any other earth mysteries? There is a layer of halite (table salt) beneath the floor of the Mediterranean Sea. How come it hasn’t dissolved? How did it get there?

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7. Mediterranean Sea Salt Layer Why doesn’t it dissolve? It is protected by an overlying layer of silt and clay that doesn’t let the seawater contact the salt.

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9. Mediterranean Sea Salt Layer How did it form? As seawater evaporates, salt is left behind. A new question then presents itself.

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11. Qualitative Versus Quantitative Data Quantitative data: numeric measurements (conveyed with numbers) Qualitative data: descriptions (conveyed with words or sketches) 02.07.a

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13. Geologic Time Most recent (lots of mammals) Four main parts of geologic time scale (based on fossils) Dinosaurs and first flowering plants Appearance of fish, plants, insects, reptiles, etc. Before shells and hard parts If Earth history were 1 year 02.09.b1 02.09.c

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15. What Formed This Crater? Observe this scene and then think of options for all the ways in which a crater could form 02.12.a1

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17. Observe the rocks in the rim of the crater 02.12.a2 Rim of crater has angular blocks of fractured rock

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19. Observe this geologic cross section across the crater. The crater is within sedimentary layers. 02.12.b1

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21. Models for Formation of the Crater Volcanic explosion Meteoroid impact Rising salt 02.12.c1-3 List predictions that arise from each model and how you could test each prediction. What type of data would you like to have?

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23. Investigation: What Formed Upheaval Dome? Circular feature Layers bent upward 02.13.a1

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25. Possible explanations:(1) rising salt, (2) rising magma, and (3) meteoroid impact 02.13.b2 List at least one prediction that follows from each explanation What types of information would you like to know to further constrain the origin of the dome?

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27. Compare the shapes of the continental edges on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean East coast curves in, Africa curves out Corner of Brazil matches indention in Africa From inside front cover

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29. Hypothesis of Continental Drift Continents fit back together because once joined 02.05.a1

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31. Fossil Data and Continental Drift 02.05.b1

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33. Glaciers and Continental Drift Scratched Rocks Directions ice sheets moved on each continent 02.05.c

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35. Quote Go, my sons [and daughters…], climb the mountains, search the valleys, the deserts, the seas shores, and the deep recesses of the earth. Mark well the various kinds of minerals, note their properties and their mode of origin. (Petrus Severinus, 1571)