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Haymarket Square Riot. 27. Large rally in Haymarket Square in Chicago shortly after striking began at McCormick Harvestng Machine Co. Police attempted to disperse the crowd, which was followed by a bomb explosion. ( Reinforced public perception that unions were subversive). May 4, 1886.
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Haymarket Square Riot 27. Large rally in Haymarket Square in Chicago shortly after striking began at McCormick Harvestng Machine Co. Police attempted to disperse the crowd, which was followed by a bomb explosion ( Reinforced public perception that unions were subversive) May 4, 1886 Eight ANARCHISTS were put on trial & four were EXECUTED Incident was used to discredit the KNIGHTS of LABOR
28. CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT 1882 Only legislation passed to LIMIT immigration of any one group of people Passed in response to the CHINESE who settled in CALIFORNIA after building the RAILROADS
29. Political Bosses Held vast power in many cities in the 1880s. Local governments provided few services. Political bosses helped people find jobs, and homes, built parks and constructed INFRASCTURCTURE and funded police, and fire departments. In return, the bosses expected votes from citizens and" donations” from municipal governments. Many political bosses were affiliated with ORGANIZED CRIME; the most NOTORIOUS was News York City’s “BOSS” TWEED
29. Political Bosses Held vast power in many cities in the 1880s. Local governments provided few services. Political bosses helped people find jobs, and homes, built parks and constructed INFRASCTURCTURE and funded police, and fire departments. In return, the bosses expected votes from citizens and" donations” from municipal governments. Many political bosses were affiliated with ORGANIZED CRIME; the most NOTORIOUS was News York City’s “BOSS” TWEED
29. Political Bosses
29. Political Bosses Held vast power in many cities in the 1880s. Local governments provided few services. Political bosses helped people find jobs, and homes, built parks and constructed INFRASCTURCTURE and funded police, and fire departments. In return, the bosses expected votes from citizens and" donations” from municipal governments. Many political bosses were affiliated with ORGANIZED CRIME; the most NOTORIOUS was News York City’s “BOSS” TWEED
Sherman ANTITRUST ACT 30. Based on Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce Declared every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of interstate trade to be illegal Passed to restrict the business MONOPOLIES prevalent around the turn of the century Corporate MONOPOLIES were exposed to federal prosecution if found to conspire in RESTRAINING trade The Supreme Court applied the act to both Labor Unions & Corporations 1890 (break - up Labor UNIONS)
Interstate Commerce Act 31. Established the Interstate Commerce Commission in part to monitor discrimination within the railroad industry Prohibited rebates and pools and required railroads to publish their rates Also prohibited unfair discrimination against shippers & prohibited the practice of charging more for short hauls than for long hauls The Act opened competition, the goal of which was to preserve 1887 EQUALITY AND SPUR INNOVATION
32. N A T I V I S M The term means hatred and fear of FOREIGNERS. Nativism has a long history in American politics. Nearly all political parties have exploited it at one time or another for political advantage. The KNOW-NOTHING Party was founded on NATIVISM; its members were united by their hatred for Irish, German, and Catholic immigrants. NATIVISM tends to be stronger in times of ECONOMIC DEPRESSION.
33. POPULIST PARTY Consisted mostly of FARMERS Members who met in Nebraska wrote their "OMAHA PLATFORM" The demands of the platform included FREE and UNLIMITED Coinage of SILVER, a graduated income tax, and government ownership of the telephone, telegraph, and railroad industries Many of these ideas were later adopted by the PROGRESSIVE PARTY 1890
34. SPOILS SYSTEM ANDREW JACKSON'S METHOD OF EXCHANGING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WITH NEW CIVIL SERVANTS (replacing) This system had been in place long before Jackson, but his name is tied to its because he endorsed its usage In general, officials were replaced by those loyal to the new administration; they were not always the most qualified for the positions Over the span of several presidential terms, the system led to CORRUPTION & INEFFICIENCY; it was ended with the passage of the PENDLETON ACT 1828 Also known as PATRONAGE
35. Pendleton ACT 1883 was passed to end the pervasive practice of elected officials awarding their financial or electoral supporters with government jobs. The SPOILS SYSTEM and PATRONAGE . . . . . . . In general, was ended with the passage of the PENDLETON ACT 1883
36. Pendleton Act Was passed to end the PERVASIVE practice of elected officials awarding their financial or electoral supporters with government jobs. The Act created the CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, which oversees examinations for governmental employees. ....did away with the SPOILS SYSTEM and PATRONAGE 1883
37. Half-Breeds, Stalwarts, & Mugwumps Factions of the Republican Party in the 1880s Half-Breeds- supported civil service reform and merit appointments to government Stalwarts - Opposed civil service reform and supported the protective tariff Mugwumps – Groups that left Republican Party to become Democrats; this group heavily favored civil service reform and mistrusted James Blaine as the presidential nominee, as the group suspected his involvement in past corruption Election of 1880 united Garfield, a Half-Breed, and Vice President Chester Arthur, a Stawart. 1880s
38. 1856-1924 Louis Sullivan Is considered the father of MODERN ARCHITECTURE. In the late 1800s, he developed the STEEL FRAME that allowed buildings to be built higher and higher, creating the SKYSCRAPER we know today. He is also credited with the phrase “form follows function”; the credo of modernist architecture and a rejection of the ornate buildings of the past. Among his followers was Frank Lloyd Wright.
39. E L E V A T O R FACT of the DAY * With the invention of STEEL in the late 1800's, taller buildings could be built * Thus, the invention of the ELEVATOR to get up and down those buildings Empire State Building
40. PROGRESSIVE E R A FACT of the DAY Selected Government Reforms The items listed would most likely be referred to in reference to Progressive Era Reforms (progress and safety for people)---- Federal income tax, 16th Amendment Direct election of senators, 17th Admendment Child labor laws Initiative, referendum, and recall Secret ballot National Park Service established NAACP founded The Power of the FEDERAL GovernmenT IncreaseD Pure Food & Drug Act Passed 19th Amendment ratified, suffrage, women vote Clayton Antitrust Act Passed
40. P R O G R E S S I V I S M Social, political, and economic reform that came as an American response to problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, & immigration Democratic reforms were made throughout states, opposed monopolies and wanted a more “ACTIVIST” government and to continued CAPITALISM. Reforms helped develop the 16th, 17th, and 19th Amendments the 1890 - 1914 The ERA ended with the BEGINNING of WWI
Fact of the DAY Alexis de Tocqueville French Civil Servant who traveled to and wrote about the UNITED STATES Wrote Democracy in America, reflecting his interest in the American Democratic process Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty and equality Provided an outsider’s objective view of the AGE of JACKSON 1828
DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA WRITTEN BY ALEXIS de TOCQUEVILLE Was written by the Frenchman Tocqueville, who traveled the USA in the 1830s. The Book is a study of the American political culture. In it, he expresses his admiration for the lack of a PERMANENT ARISTORCRACY in the USA, which, combined with untapped land and resources of the West, provides Americans with numerous opportunities to better themselves through hard work and education.
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