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Geog Geol 4093 / 5093, Spring 2012 21. Future Missions & Ground Validation

Geog Geol 4093 / 5093, Spring 2012 21. Future Missions & Ground Validation. Noah Molotch. Outline. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Calibration and Validation SMEX04: Airborne Measurements SMEX04: Site Characteristics SMEX04: Ground-based Sampling. 5. Validation & Future Missions.

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Geog Geol 4093 / 5093, Spring 2012 21. Future Missions & Ground Validation

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  1. Geog Geol 4093 / 5093, Spring 201221. Future Missions & Ground Validation Noah Molotch

  2. Outline • Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Calibration and Validation • SMEX04: Airborne Measurements • SMEX04: Site Characteristics • SMEX04: Ground-based Sampling

  3. 5. Validation & Future Missions • Dictated by Process-Level Knowledge (e.g. Technological Readiness) • Societal Importance • Cost

  4. The Future of Remote Sensing

  5. Future Missions

  6. 1. Soil Moisture Active Passive SMAP: Launch November 01, 2014

  7. Field Campaigns • Major field campaigns undertaken by SMAP to date are: • SMAP Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) --- June-July 2012, Winnipeg, Canada • Soil Moisture Active and Passive Experiments (SMAPEx) --- 2010-2011, New South Wales, Australia. • San Joaquin Valley 2010 Field Campaign (SJV10) --- Summer 2010, California, USA. • Canadian Experiment - Soil Moisture 2010 (CanEx-SM10) --- May 31 - June 17, 2010, Saskatchewan, Canada. • SMAP Validation Experiment 2008 (SMAPVEX08) --- Sept 29 - Oct 13, 2008, Maryland, USA. • Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) --- June 11 - July 6, 2007, Oklahoma, USA. • Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) --- Arizona and Sonora • Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) --- June 25- July 8, 2002, Iowa, USA. (SMEX02 Data Archive) • Southern Great Plains Experiment 1999 (SGP99) --- July 8-14, 1999, Oklahoma, USA.

  8. How SMEX04 Benefits the Supporting Programs By Addressing Priorities • Development and validation of retrieval algorithms in regions with moderate to significant topographic variation • Validation of soil moisture products from the Aqua AMSR instrument • Establishing long-term in-situ soil moisture validation sites for satellite based retrievals • Evaluation of new sensor technologies and algorithms for soil moisture and support of future missions (SMAP, SMOS) • Understanding the feedback mechanisms of surface soil moisture on weather and climate • Development of methods to assimilate surface soil moisture observations in models and exploring applications

  9. 2. SMEX Airborne Measurements

  10. Aircraft provide a critical link between points and satellite footprints NASA P-3B SMEX03 Alabama

  11. Examples of Aircraft and Satellite Soil Moisture Products • Aircraft based Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) from SMEX02. Uses the same C band channel as AMSR. Spatial resolution of 2 km. •     Imaging 10.7-, 18.7-, 21.4-, 37.0-, and 89.0-GHz (X-, Ku-, K-, Ka-, and W-bands) passive microwave • Satellite based TRMM Microwave Imager brightness temperature images for a sequence of days.

  12. SMEX02 (Iowa) Soil moisture Products from the Aircraft Based PSR Northing (m) Easting (m) Soil moisture (%)

  13. SMEX04 Elements: Aircraft mapping • NASA P-3B • PSR-CX, 2DSTAR, and GPS • July 12 – August 12, 2004 • Mission • 15 flight dates, 5 hours per day • Daily sequence for drydown • Walnut Gulch and Mexico sites (50 by 75 km) • 4 flightlines per site • Other?

  14. Tucson Airports

  15. SMEX04 Elements: Satellite Products • Satellite sensors • AMSR-E, Coriolis, TMI, SSM/I, Envisat,… • EASE-grid 25 km • Available over an extended period

  16. 2. SMEX04: Site Characteristics • Satellite sensors • AMSR-E, Coriolis, TMI, SSM/I, Envisat,… • EASE-grid 25 km • Available over an extended period

  17. Regional study areas 50 by 75 km linked to Ease-grid 25 km cells

  18. Arizona Arizona Walnut Gulch Region Walnut Gulch Region Shrub Dominated Grass Dominated Landsat 5 Landsat 5 June 8, 1997 June 8, 1997

  19. Walnut Gulch Regional Study Area (WG) Red markers are the corners of the 25 km Ease Grid cells

  20. Mexico Mexico Sonora Region Sonora Region Landsat 5 Landsat 5 June 8, 1997 June 8, 1997

  21. Mexico Regional Study Area (MX) Red markers are the corners of the 25 km Ease Grid cells

  22. 3. SMEX04: Ground-based measurements • In-situ soil moisture networks • Aircraft and satellite mapping • Intensive sampling concurrent with aircraft mission • Complimentary projects

  23. SMEX04 Elements: In-situ soil moisture networks • Modeled after current AMSR Cal/Val project 12 or more long term in-situ sites • All sites have 5 cm soil moisture and temperature (Vitel Hydraprobe) and precipitation • Existing Walnut Gulch network and other projects in AZ region (SCAN, SALSA, ..) • Establish a network in the SO region

  24. Regional Sampling Strategy in SMEX02 Sampling Scheme SMEX02 Regional Study Area Theta Probe (TP) Sampling Points 0 ¼ ½ - row ¼ Gravimetrically-based Volumetric Soil Moisture (GVSM) Sampling Point

  25. Standard SCAN SiteConfiguration • Precipitation • Air temperature • Relative humidity • Wind speed and direction • Solar radiation • Barometric pressure • Snow water content and depth • Soil moisture and temperature Vitel Hydraprobe

  26. AZ Insitu Soil Moisture Sites

  27. Sonora (SO) Soil Moisture/Precipitation Network Sites

  28. SMEX04 Elements: Intensive sampling concurrent with aircraft mission • Design based upon model used in previous campaigns modified by local considerations and interests of participants • Calibration of networks • Fills in the spatial domain • Two independent teams for AZ and SO • Plan: science based design, logistics, access, leadership and organization, techniques, facilities

  29. SMEX04 AZ Regional Sampling?

  30. SMEX04 SO Regional Sampling?

  31. How SMEX Benefits the Supporting Programs • Field experiments have been very successful at addressing a broad range of science questions in terrestrial hydrology • The data have been used in studies that went well beyond the algorithm research • Priorities set by support program science: AMSR, GWEC, THP • Elements of the experiment are validation of AMSR brightness temperature and soil moisture retrievals, extension of instrument observations and algorithms to more challenging vegetation and other surface conditions, integration of land surface and boundary layer measurements, and the evaluation of new instrument technologies for soil moisture remote sensing.

  32. Summary • Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Calibration and Validation • Decades of research prior to launch • SMEX04: Airborne Measurements • Provide baseline for performance of satellite based retrieval. • SMEX04: Site Characteristics • Cover broad range of land cover types within a specific region: shrub, grassland, mesquite, etc. • SMEX04: Ground-based Sampling • Design based on previous experiments and leveraging with other efforts. • Needs to have spatial density sufficient to characterize airborne footprint.

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