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Ι . Rise of Modern Japan (1867 – 1912). Ch. 7, Sec. 3. Mikado Emperor’s house which is the oldest family line in Japan continuing for over 2650 years.
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Ι. Rise of Modern Japan(1867 – 1912) Ch. 7, Sec. 3
MikadoEmperor’s house which is the oldest family line in Japan continuing for over 2650 years. Bushi classMilitary affairs and is 7% of population of Japan.Shogun: Top of the Bushi class.Daimyo: Governs local district; general's aid.Samurai: Military man; a Shogun or a Daimyo.Ninja: Takes charge of spying or assassination to the Lord, sometimes for money.Sumotori: Sportsman who performs sumo wrestling. Ronin: No master; fights as a mercenary. Kuge classTraditional roles and occupies 6% of the population. Dajodaijin: Highest grade of Kuge class. Has a deep relation with the Mikado family.Soryo: A Buddhistic priest.Kizoku: The patron of culture and living in Kyoto.Geisha: A talented and beautiful lady. Kabuki: Actor and superstar. Panpii classCommon people; over 80% of population. GaijinForeigner. Alien. Barbarian. Japan’s class structure has strict social positions. A persons status is based on heredity and can not be moved.
Tea is the national beverage of Japan, and formal ceremony is observed when it is served to special guests. The kimono, the traditional Japanese garment worn by women and men, is a wrap-around, wide-sleeved robe bound with a colorful sash called an obi. The obi, richly embroidered and sometimes as long as ten feet, is tied in a variety of ways to show its owner's status. This woman wears her obi at the front, the prescribed turn-of-the-century style for married women. Today, most Japanese wear Western-style clothing and the kimono is seen only on festive occasions.
Daimyo – a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai.Tokugawa Shogunate – a dynasty of shoguns (military rank & historical title in Japan equivalent to a general) that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 – 1867.
Samurai - term for the military nobility in pre-industrial Japan. The word 'samurai' is derived from the archaic Japanese verb 'samorau', changed to 'saburau' , meaning 'to serve'; a samurai is the servant of a warlord. Japanese samurai in armor, 1860’s.
A. Commodore Matthew Perry (1853) - arrived in Edo Bay (now Tokyo) with 4 steamships and a letter.
Commodore Matthew Perry & actor Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Matthew Perry, a.k.a. Chandler Separated at birth ???
Commodore Perry’s ship, by a Japanese artist. First Landing of Americans in Japan, July 14, 1853. “…to bring a singular and isolated people into the family of civilized nations.” - Commodore Perry, 1859.
B. Letter from U.S. President Fillmore “requesting” the opening of ports for trade and better treatment of shipwrecked sailors.
C. Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) – Japan agreed to return U.S. sailors and opened 2 ports to Western traders.
The Japanese considered Westerners barbarians. Westerners considered the Japanese uncivilized. Though not an industrial country, the Japanese society was complex. The Japanese lived under rules that governed every aspect of their lives according to a person's inherited status. Each level of the class system held a different responsibility and importance for the Japanese society. This photograph was taken on the Washington Navy Yard when the first official delegation from Japan visited the United States in 1860.
D. Emperor Mutsuhito (1867-1912) – • Inaugurates the Meiji • (enlightened) Restoration. Mutsuhito was a symbol of the new era.
Meiji Restoration (1867) • The Tokugawa Shogun is deposed after Japanese nationalists become angry for the shogun allowing foreigners into the country. • The Emperor Mutsuhito is restored to power at 15 years old and rules for 45 years.
E. Meiji Restoration (1867) – Era when Japanese gov’t modernized its political, economic, and social structures. This color print is a depiction of Ginza Street in Tokyo in the Meiji Period, bustling with horse-drawn street car an carriage traffic. The age of vehicle traffic arrived in Japan belatedly.
1. Meiji constitution (1889) – (modeled after Germany). a) Democratic in form, but authoritarian in practice. b) Land reforms and industrialization. c) Strengthened military. d) Women’s rights, education, & abolished privileges of aristocracy.
The Westernization of Japan • The Meiji Emperor, shown here with his family, adopted western ways in an attempt to modernize Japan. • Here he appears in a traditional western style family portrait – with his wife, not a concubine, and son; all are wearing western style clothing.
Europeans in Japan & the adoption of western style of dress.
Growth of Japanese Imperialism • As Japan became industrialized, it sought to expand its territory. • Has limited land, few resources & many people. • The Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95 between China and Japan over Korea.
F. Copied how Westerners used colonies to get raw materials, have cheap labor, & provide markets.
G. Port Arthur (China) – Japanese surprise attack naval base (1904). During the 19th century, Russia had been continually trying to expand its eastern frontiers at the expense of a weakened Chinese Empire. However, Japan, which was rapidly transforming itself from a backward feudal state into a modern industrial power, also began to make demands on China. A clash between Russia and Japan became inevitable when both countries attempted to expand their influence in Manchuria and Korea. In February 1904, without warning, the Japanese navy attacked the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, a Chinese seaport which had been leased to Russia as a naval base.
A history of surprise attacks: Japan launched a surprise attack against Port Arthur in 1904.
ACTIVITY • In groups of 2-3, answer the following: • 1. Why was Korea appealing to Japan? • 2. What geographic factors influenced Japan’s expansion? Map on pp. 401.
ACTIVITY • Divide into groups of 2-3 people; each group comes up with 8 different items that influenced Japanese culture. • Center circle = “Western Influence on Japan” during the Meiji period. Eight outer circles.
